serology Flashcards
A
has A antigens, B antibodies, receive A and O, donate A and AB
B
B antigens, A antibodies, receive B and O, donate B and AB
AB
both A and B antigens, no antibodies, universal recipient, only donate AB
O
no antigens, both A and B antibodies, only receive O, universal donor
who discovered blood types
Karl Landsteiner (1901)
what is the function of a RBC
carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues
what is an antigen
protein that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
Rh factor
determines whether the blood is positive or negative, discovered through the Rhesus Monkey
serology
the study of antigen-antibody reactions
what is an antibody
proteins that destroy or inactivate a specific antigen
agglutination
when antibodies attach to antigens the blood clumps which usually results in death
plasma
fluid portion of blood, composed primarily of water (55% of blood content)
platelets
cells that help blood clot
serum
yellowish liquid that separates from blood when it clots, contains antibodies
white blood cells
important for immune health
kastle-meyer color test
the phenolphthalein reacts with the blood and which causes a deep pink color to appear, may also react to vegetable like potatoes and horseradish
hemastix strips
when wet with distilled water and placed on the stain will turn green
luminol
does not produce color produces light, must be dark when you spray, capable of detecting blood that has been diluted up to 300,000 times, does not interfere with DNA testing, also reacts with bleach and copper
precipitin test
when human blood is injected into an animal the human antibodies (from the rabbit) react with the human blood to neutralize its presence; can be layered, causing the different blood to to form a cloudy ring; gel diffusion takes advantage of that fact that anitgens and antibodies react
what questions must an investigator ask when when examining blood stains
is it blood, is it human blood, whose blood is it
