Serologic Techniques

Question 1

Explain serologic procedures

Answer 1

detects ag-ab reactions in vitro

Question 2

Describe ag-ab reaction

Answer 2

highly specific / “lock and key”,
precise and invisible,
reversible,
contains noncovalent bonds.

Question 3

two parts of antigen

Answer 3

carrier and hapten

Question 4

describe hapten

Answer 4

called “determinant”

contains epitope where ab attaches

Question 5

describe epitope

Answer 5

located in the hapten of an antigen.

paratope of ab attaches to epitope of antigen.

Question 6

two parts of antibody

Answer 6

arms and stems

Question 7

describe paratope

Answer 7

found in the Ag binding fragment “Fab” of the antibody. paratope attaches to the epitope of the antigen.

Question 8

give examples of cross-reactions

Answer 8

cowpox and small pox.
Weil-Felix test - detects rikketsial antibodies using proteus antigens.

*there are similarities in glucolipid antigens

Question 9

demonstrate Law of Mass Action

Answer 9

Ag+Ab=Ag-Ab

Question 10

List Intermolecular Forces

Answer 10

Ionic/Electrostatic, Hydrogen, Van der waals, hydrophobic

Question 11

describe valence

Answer 11

number of combining sites

Question 12

differentiate affinity from avidity

Answer 12

affinitiy - single, monovalent.

avidity - several, multivalent

Question 13

describe primary ag-ab rxn

Answer 13

rapid, invisible, not dependent on electrolytes

eg. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Radioimmunoassay (RIA).

Question 14

describe secondary ag-ab reaction

Answer 14

presence of lattice framework.

eg. agglutination, precipitation, complement fixation, neutralization (ASO antibody)

Question 15

describe tertiary ag-ab reaction

Answer 15

“biologic effects”.

measures complement products, phagocytic index, chemotaxis, inflammation, deposition of immune complexes

Question 16

describe immuneassays

Answer 16

quick and accurate.
uses antibodies.
detects antigens or “analyte”

Question 17

other name for Labelled Immunoassay

Answer 17

“Receptor Ligand Assay”

Question 18

describe Labelled Immunoassay

Answer 18

employs indicator labels.
detects ag/ab.
recommended in low concentration / low-size molecules

Question 19

types of labelled immunoassay

Answer 19

heterogeneous - mix and read; no separation or washing steps.
homogeneous - needs separation method

Question 20

Components of Labelled Immunoassay

Answer 20

1. Analyte - “ligand”, labelled or unlabeled
2. Receptor molecule - “antibody”
3. Standards and Calibrators - similar to analyte
4. Means of separation of free from bound components
5. Means to measure the labelled product - “Reporter molecule”