sequelae of inflammation

Question 1

what are the four morphologic patterns of acute inflammation? (list)

Answer 1

serous inflammation
fibrinous inflammation
suppurative inflammation
ulcer

Question 2

what is the result of serous inflammation?

Answer 2

thin, watery fluid from plasma or secretion of mesothelial cells
effusion
skin blister

Question 3

what is effusion?

Answer 3

accumulation of fluid within mesothelial lined space (peritoneal, pleural, pericardial)

Question 4

what is a skin blister? what causes it?

Answer 4

serous fluid within epidermis or beneath the epidermis

may be caused by a virus or burn

Question 5

when does fibrinous inflammation occur?

Answer 5

when increased vascular permeability allows larger molecules (fibrinogen) to enter extravascular space => fibrin deposits
may result in fibrin being deposited on body cavity linings
fibrin can organize and form opaque fibrous thickening if not degraded

Question 6

what is the consequence of suppurative inflammation? what can cause it?

Answer 6

pus composed of neutrophils, liquefactive necrosis, edema
caused by certain bacteria
appendicitis, cerebral abscess

Question 7

what is an abscess? what morphological characteristics would you see?

Answer 7

localized suppurative or purulent inflammation
consists of neutrophils, liquefactive necrosis, edema fluid
will be a zone of preserved neutrophils around a necrotic focus consisting of dead leukocytes and tissue cells
outside will be vascular dilation, fibroblastic proliferation

Question 8

what is an ulcer?

Answer 8

local defect of the surface of an organ or tissue produced by sloughing of inflamed and necrotic tissue

Question 9

what are the four major possible outcomes of acute inflammation?

Answer 9

1: resolution
2: abscess formation
3: fibrosis
4: chronic inflammation

Question 10

what is necessary to occur for healing?

Answer 10

injurious stimulus must be eliminated
injury must be limited - little tissue damage or parencymal cells must be able to regenerate
inflammation must be resolved
restoration of normal function must occur

Question 11

what are the steps in the resolution process?

Answer 11

removal of cellular debris and microbes by macrophages

resorption of edema as lymphatic fluid

Question 12

what is scarring?

Answer 12

replacement of nonregenerated parenchymal cells by connective tissue

Question 13

what are the two meanings of chronic?

Answer 13

temporal = stays around for a long time
histopathological = lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages predominate