September 4 Quiz Flashcards
chemistry of life
biochemistry
life = ?
properties, structure, reaction of matter = ?
life = biology
properties, structure, reaction of matter = chemistry
refers to the study of compounds, chemical reactions, and molecular interactions that are involved in the production, maintenance and reproduction of living organisms
biochemistry
serve as a central component of all the health sciences (advancement of knowledge)
biochemistry
T or F:
growing biochem knowledge will set the pace in the search or solve for the prevention and treatment of diseases and other health disorder
True
T or F:
biochem has the ability to prevent and treat health-related problems comes the ability to manipulate and modify life forms (raises a lot of moral and ethical questions and one needs to recognize its perils as well as its promise) → example in vitro fertilization
True
T or F:
biochemistry → solve problems → advancement/generate new knowledge
True
The Nature of Biochemistry:
Operates on the premise that all changes and interactions that occur in the physical universe ______________________
follow certain fixed rules
Biochemistry was coined in [date] by a [nationality and job] named [name]
1903, German chemist Carl Neuberg (Father of Modern Biochemistry)
Objectives of Biochemistry:
- Isolation, structural, elucidation and the determination of mode of action of biomolecules
- Identification of disease mechanisms
- Study of inborn errors of metabolism
- Study of oncogenes in cancer cells
- The relationship of biochemistry w/ genetics, physiology, immunology, pharmacology, toxicology, etc.
2 Scopes of Biochem
Descriptive and Dynamic
deals w/ the qualitative and quantitative characterization of various cell components
Descriptive
deals w/ the elucidation of the nature and the mechanism of the reactions involving these cell components
Dynamic
11 Attributes of Life
- Adaptation
- Growth and Repair
- Reproduction
- Metabolism
- Complexity and Organization
- Regulation
- Size and Shape
- Responsiveness to stimuli or sensitivity
- Locomotion
- Variation and change
- Stereospecificity
presence of body structures that make living things fit to live in its habitat (niche)
adaptation
place where living things live
habitat
role of specific organism in that habitat
niche
____ the ability to add new tissue, while _____ is the ability to replace damaged parts
growth and repair
ability to produce offspring, ensuring propagation and continuance of the species
reproduction
biological and chemical activities or fxns that provide energy
metabolism
anabolism —>
catabolism —>
Anabolism → constructive metabolism
Catabolism → destructive metabolism
essential proteins:
PVT MATHILL
histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
____ refers to elaborate structures needed to carry out laborious fxns like metabolism
______ is putting the diff. body structures into order → organism can fxn effectively and efficiently
complexity
organization
ability to keep fxns under control through the use of substances like hormones and enzymes
regulation
All organisms possess a characteristic or shape
size and shape
ability to respond favorably or unfavorably to its environment
Responsiveness to Stimuli or Sensitivity
ability to move on its initiative under its control
Locomotion
explains why no two organisms are exactly alike and no organisms remain unchanged forever
variation
adaptation and evolution are mechanisms of __________
change
- ability of certain molecules present in an organism to interact w/ nature in a left-or-right handed manner
-ability to rotate plane-polarized light to the right or to the left
stereospecificity
3 Chemicals of Life
- Water
- Organic Compounds
- Inorganic Elements
All life forms, from the simplest bacteria to the most complex multicellular plants and animals contain ___________
water
water percentage:
Human cells =
Blood =
Body =
Human cells = 70%
Blood = 80%
Body = 60-70%
5 Properties of Water
A. Water has a higher melting and boiling point than other liquids of approximately the same molecular mass.
B. Water has a maximum density at 4*C
C. Water has high specific heat
D. Water has high heats of vaporization and fusion
E. Water is a good solvent
-means that water can exist as liquid over a wide range of temperature,
-can remain as liquid in most climates on the Earth’s surface
A. Water has a higher melting and boiling point than other liquids of approximately the same molecular mass.
-at temperature below 48C, water expands instead of contracting
-this property causes ice to float in liquid water
-this is important in maintaining marine life
B. Water has a maximum density at 4*C
-specific heat is the no. of calories needed to raise the temp. Of 1 gram of a substance by 1*C
-water can absorb or evolve considerable amounts of heat w/o changing its temp. Appreciably
-water can’t heat readily
C. Water has high specific heat
room or normal temp. of water ?
25*C
-This means that a lot of heat must be absorbed for water to evaporate and for ice to melt
-A lot of heat must be evolved to condense vapor into liquid water and solidify water into ice
D. Water has high heats of vaporization and fusion
-form of matter as affected by certain variables/conditions (heat, temp, pressure)
-pressure-temp relationship, volume-temp relationship
state
Specific boundary that separates one state from another
phase
-It can dissolve a variety of compounds, enabling it to carry dissolved nutrients into tissues of living organisms and flush waste products out
E. Water is a good solvent
heat vs. temperature:
this is a form of energy
heat
heat vs. temperature:
Unit of measurement
Degree of hotness and coldness of an object
C, F, K, rankine
temperature
3 Types of Systems
open system → free flow
closed → no change in matter/mass
isolated → doesn’t allow any flow of energy in or out
-Nucleic Acids (DNA n RNA)
-Proteins
-Carbohydrates
-Fats and Lipids
Organic Compounds
-Bulk elements (N, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K and Ca) required in relatively large amounts
-Trace elements (Fe, Zn,I)
Inorganic Elements
All cells are surrounded by a
cell membrane/plasma membrane
plasma membrane are about ____ thick
7nm thick (1nm = 10 to the negative 9m)
T or F:
Some cells are further encapsulated by a cell wall, a cell coat, or some other protective barrier
True
Based on their structural and functional properties, cells may be described as __________ or __________
prokaryotic or eukaryotic
prokaryotes have:
-no cytoskeleton
-less DNA content
-no membrane-bound organelles
-smaller in sizes
eukaryotes have:
-presence of cytoskeleton
-1000x more DNA
-presence of organelles
-abt 5-10x larger
4 Methods of Material Transfer
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Dialysis
- Active Transport
-Refers to the movement of solute particles from a region of greater concentration to a lower concentration
-The flow is a consequence of the concentration gradient between two solutions
Diffusion
T or F:
Diffusion is important in maintaining the proper balance of materials in the blood, tissue fluids and the cell
True
The passage of solvent molecules from a region of lower concent. to greater concent. Through a semi-permeable membrane
Osmosis
-refers to the separation of colloidal particles from those of a true solution by means of a semi-permeable membrane
-only the solution particles pass through the membrane. The colloidal particles do not.
dialysis
-Refers to the movement of materials against a concent. gradient and therefore requires enzymes and energy
active transport
