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BSN 1C - BIOCHEM > September 4 Quiz > Flashcards

September 4 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

chemistry of life

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

life = ?
properties, structure, reaction of matter = ?

A

life = biology
properties, structure, reaction of matter = chemistry

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3
Q

refers to the study of compounds, chemical reactions, and molecular interactions that are involved in the production, maintenance and reproduction of living organisms

A

biochemistry

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4
Q

serve as a central component of all the health sciences (advancement of knowledge)

A

biochemistry

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5
Q

T or F:
growing biochem knowledge will set the pace in the search or solve for the prevention and treatment of diseases and other health disorder

A

True

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6
Q

T or F:
biochem has the ability to prevent and treat health-related problems comes the ability to manipulate and modify life forms (raises a lot of moral and ethical questions and one needs to recognize its perils as well as its promise) → example in vitro fertilization

A

True

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7
Q

T or F:
biochemistry → solve problems → advancement/generate new knowledge

A

True

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8
Q

The Nature of Biochemistry:
Operates on the premise that all changes and interactions that occur in the physical universe ______________________

A

follow certain fixed rules

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9
Q

Biochemistry was coined in [date] by a [nationality and job] named [name]

A

1903, German chemist Carl Neuberg (Father of Modern Biochemistry)

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10
Q

Objectives of Biochemistry:

A
  1. Isolation, structural, elucidation and the determination of mode of action of biomolecules
  2. Identification of disease mechanisms
  3. Study of inborn errors of metabolism
  4. Study of oncogenes in cancer cells
  5. The relationship of biochemistry w/ genetics, physiology, immunology, pharmacology, toxicology, etc.
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11
Q

2 Scopes of Biochem

A

Descriptive and Dynamic

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12
Q

deals w/ the qualitative and quantitative characterization of various cell components

A

Descriptive

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13
Q

deals w/ the elucidation of the nature and the mechanism of the reactions involving these cell components

A

Dynamic

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14
Q

11 Attributes of Life

A
  1. Adaptation
  2. Growth and Repair
  3. Reproduction
  4. Metabolism
  5. Complexity and Organization
  6. Regulation
  7. Size and Shape
  8. Responsiveness to stimuli or sensitivity
  9. Locomotion
  10. Variation and change
  11. Stereospecificity
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15
Q

presence of body structures that make living things fit to live in its habitat (niche)

A

adaptation

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16
Q

place where living things live

A

habitat

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17
Q

role of specific organism in that habitat

A

niche

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18
Q

____ the ability to add new tissue, while _____ is the ability to replace damaged parts

A

growth and repair

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19
Q

ability to produce offspring, ensuring propagation and continuance of the species

A

reproduction

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20
Q

biological and chemical activities or fxns that provide energy

A

metabolism

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21
Q

anabolism —>
catabolism —>

A

Anabolism → constructive metabolism
Catabolism → destructive metabolism

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22
Q

essential proteins:

A

PVT MATHILL
histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine

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23
Q

____ refers to elaborate structures needed to carry out laborious fxns like metabolism

______ is putting the diff. body structures into order → organism can fxn effectively and efficiently

A

complexity
organization

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24
Q

ability to keep fxns under control through the use of substances like hormones and enzymes

A

regulation

25
Q

All organisms possess a characteristic or shape

A

size and shape

26
Q

ability to respond favorably or unfavorably to its environment

A

Responsiveness to Stimuli or Sensitivity

27
Q

ability to move on its initiative under its control

A

Locomotion

28
Q

explains why no two organisms are exactly alike and no organisms remain unchanged forever

A

variation

29
Q

adaptation and evolution are mechanisms of __________

A

change

30
Q
  • ability of certain molecules present in an organism to interact w/ nature in a left-or-right handed manner

-ability to rotate plane-polarized light to the right or to the left

A

stereospecificity

31
Q

3 Chemicals of Life

A
  1. Water
  2. Organic Compounds
  3. Inorganic Elements
32
Q

All life forms, from the simplest bacteria to the most complex multicellular plants and animals contain ___________

A

water

33
Q

water percentage:
Human cells =
Blood =
Body =

A

Human cells = 70%
Blood = 80%
Body = 60-70%

34
Q

5 Properties of Water

A

A. Water has a higher melting and boiling point than other liquids of approximately the same molecular mass.

B. Water has a maximum density at 4*C

C. Water has high specific heat

D. Water has high heats of vaporization and fusion

E. Water is a good solvent

35
Q

-means that water can exist as liquid over a wide range of temperature,

-can remain as liquid in most climates on the Earth’s surface

A

A. Water has a higher melting and boiling point than other liquids of approximately the same molecular mass.

36
Q

-at temperature below 48C, water expands instead of contracting

-this property causes ice to float in liquid water

-this is important in maintaining marine life

A

B. Water has a maximum density at 4*C

37
Q

-specific heat is the no. of calories needed to raise the temp. Of 1 gram of a substance by 1*C

-water can absorb or evolve considerable amounts of heat w/o changing its temp. Appreciably

-water can’t heat readily

A

C. Water has high specific heat

38
Q

room or normal temp. of water ?

A

25*C

39
Q

-This means that a lot of heat must be absorbed for water to evaporate and for ice to melt

-A lot of heat must be evolved to condense vapor into liquid water and solidify water into ice

A

D. Water has high heats of vaporization and fusion

40
Q

-form of matter as affected by certain variables/conditions (heat, temp, pressure)

-pressure-temp relationship, volume-temp relationship

A

state

41
Q

Specific boundary that separates one state from another

A

phase

42
Q

-It can dissolve a variety of compounds, enabling it to carry dissolved nutrients into tissues of living organisms and flush waste products out

A

E. Water is a good solvent

43
Q

heat vs. temperature:
this is a form of energy

A

heat

44
Q

heat vs. temperature:
Unit of measurement
Degree of hotness and coldness of an object
C, F, K, rankine

A

temperature

45
Q

3 Types of Systems

A

open system → free flow

closed → no change in matter/mass

isolated → doesn’t allow any flow of energy in or out

46
Q

-Nucleic Acids (DNA n RNA)
-Proteins
-Carbohydrates
-Fats and Lipids

A

Organic Compounds

47
Q

-Bulk elements (N, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K and Ca) required in relatively large amounts
-Trace elements (Fe, Zn,I)

A

Inorganic Elements

48
Q

All cells are surrounded by a

A

cell membrane/plasma membrane

49
Q

plasma membrane are about ____ thick

A

7nm thick (1nm = 10 to the negative 9m)

50
Q

T or F:
Some cells are further encapsulated by a cell wall, a cell coat, or some other protective barrier

A

True

51
Q

Based on their structural and functional properties, cells may be described as __________ or __________

A

prokaryotic or eukaryotic

52
Q

prokaryotes have:

A

-no cytoskeleton
-less DNA content
-no membrane-bound organelles
-smaller in sizes

53
Q

eukaryotes have:

A

-presence of cytoskeleton
-1000x more DNA
-presence of organelles
-abt 5-10x larger

54
Q

4 Methods of Material Transfer

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Dialysis
  4. Active Transport
55
Q

-Refers to the movement of solute particles from a region of greater concentration to a lower concentration

-The flow is a consequence of the concentration gradient between two solutions

A

Diffusion

56
Q

T or F:
Diffusion is important in maintaining the proper balance of materials in the blood, tissue fluids and the cell

A

True

57
Q

The passage of solvent molecules from a region of lower concent. to greater concent. Through a semi-permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

58
Q

-refers to the separation of colloidal particles from those of a true solution by means of a semi-permeable membrane

-only the solution particles pass through the membrane. The colloidal particles do not.

A

dialysis

59
Q

-Refers to the movement of materials against a concent. gradient and therefore requires enzymes and energy

A

active transport

BSN 1C - BIOCHEM (5 decks)

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