Sepsis and Shock Flashcards
define shock
An imbalance between oxygen supply and demand, it is a life-threatening condition that occurs when oxygen and blood flow is impaired, it can damage multiple organs
Name the five types of shock
- Cardiogenic shock
- Hypovolaemic shock
- Septic shock
- Anaphylactic shock
- Neurogenic shock
What is distributive shock?
Also known as vasodilatory shock, it is a medical emergency where your body can’t get enough blood to your heart, brain and kidneys, Septic shock, Anaphylactic shock and Neurogenic shock all fit into this category
What is the equation for blood pressure?
cardiac output x total peripheral resistance = blood pressure
What is the equation for cardiac output?
Stroke volume x heart rate = cardiac output
What clinical feature is caused by reduced cardiac output and circulating blood volume?
Hypotension
What clinical feature is caused by heart rate increases in attempt to increase output
Tachycardia / weak pulse
What clinical feature is caused by lactic acid production caused by anaerobic respiration causes a fall in blood pH
Increased respiration visible especially at rest
What clinical feature is caused by peripheral vasoconstriction sympathetic activity blood flow diverted to vital organs
Pallor
What clinical feature is caused by poor oxygenation of blood and peripheral vasoconstriction
Cyanosis - bluish discolouration of skin and mucus membranes
What clinical feature is caused by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone response initiated by reduced renal perfusion - reabsorption of fluid back to circulation leading to increase BP
Oliguria
What clinical feature is caused by lack of oxygen to brain affecting cognitive function and consciousness
Altered consciousness, restlessness, confusion
