Sepsis

Question 1

Define colonisation

Answer 1

Presence of a microbe in the human body without inflammatory response

Question 2

Define infection

Answer 2

Inflammation due to microbe

Question 3

What is sepsis?

Answer 3

Dysregulated host response to infection

Question 4

What is septic shock?

Answer 4

Persistent hypotension unresponsive to volume resuscitation

Lactate >2

Question 5

Name sepsis 6

Answer 5

Oxygen 
Fluids 
Antibiotics 
Urine output 
Lactate 
Cultures

Question 6

What scoring system is used to detect sepsis?

Answer 6

NEWS

Question 7

At what score is sepsis likely on a NEWS chart?

Answer 7

> 5 consider

>7 superior review

Question 8

Name the drugs that make you more susceptible to C.diff

Answer 8

Co-amoxiclav
Cephalosporins
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin (quinolone)

Question 9

What is the key infection control issue with C.diff?

Answer 9

Spores

Question 10

What common bacteria can be ESBL resistant?

Answer 10

E.coli

Question 11

Name the antibiotics that can be used in ESBL

Answer 11

Meropenmen
Temocillin
Quinolone
Gentamicin

Question 12

If a patient is allergic to penicillin what else will they be unable to take?

Answer 12

Meropenem
Azetreonam
Cephalosporins
Piperacillin/tazobactam

Question 13

Describe the difference between sensitivity and specificity

Answer 13

Sensitive - probability the test is positive if the patient has the disease
Specific - probability the test will be negative if the disease is absent

Question 14

Name gram positive cocci

Answer 14

Staph, strep, enterococci

Question 15

Name gram positive bacilli

Answer 15

Listeria
Clostridia
Corynebacterium

Question 16

What is minimum inhibitory concentration?

Answer 16

How much antibiotic you need to kill 99.9% of bugs in 18-24 hours

Question 17

Name the three types of haemolysis and exams of each

Answer 17

Beta - strep pyogenes (GAS)
Alpha - strep pneumo, viridans
Gamma - non-haemolytic

Question 18

What antibiotics treat strep?

Answer 18

Penicillin
Ceftriaxone
Vancomycin

Question 19

What is the drug of choice for enterococci?

Answer 19

Amoxicillin

Question 20

What drug is used for staph infections?

Answer 20

Flucloxacillin

Question 21

How is clostridia treated?

Answer 21

Metronidazole

Question 22

How is legionella treated?

Answer 22

Quinolone

Question 23

What is another name for coxiella burnetti infection?

Answer 23

Q fever

Question 24

What are the side effects of flucloxacillin and co-amoxyclav?

Answer 24

Cholestatic jaundice

Question 25

Name the side effects of macrolides

Answer 25

GI disturbance
Hepatitis
QT interval

Question 26

What can quinolone cause?

Answer 26

QT interval
Convulsions
Tendonitis

Question 27

What are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

Answer 27

Nephrotoxic

Ototoxic

Question 28

Describe the effect is vancomycin is administered too fast

Answer 28

Red man syndrome

Question 29

What are the key side effect of tetracyclines?

Answer 29

Photosensitive
Dysphagia
Staining teeth
Hepatotoxicity

Question 30

What is the side effect of nitrofurantoin?

Answer 30

Peripheral neuropathy

Interstitial lung disease

Question 31

Name three antibiotics that can cause blood dyscrasia

Answer 31

Co-trimoxazole
Trimethoprim
Linezoilid

Question 32

What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?

Answer 32

Grey baby

Aplastic anaemia

Question 33

What happens to INR with antibiotics?

Answer 33

Increases

Question 34

Name the antibiotic that reacts with alcohol

Answer 34

Metronidazole