Sepsis Flashcards
Define sepsis.
Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.
Define septic shock.
A condition sometimes occurring in severe sepsis, in which the blood pressure falls and the organs of the body fail to receive sufficient oxygen.
Low Blood Pressure
90/60
What are the clinical hallmarks for septic shock?
When a patient with sepsis has a mean arterial pressure of less than 60 and a serum lactate level of greater than 2mmol.
What’s the normal rate of respiration?
12-20 breaths per minute.
What does interleukin-2 do?
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a signaling molecule. It regulates the activities of leukocytes (specifically lymphocytes) and is part of the innate immune system.
What is the major mediator of septic shock?
TNF-a
What is the major mediator of septic shock?
TNF-a
What is utricaria?
Urticaria, commonly referred to as hives, is a kind of skin rash notable for pale red, raised, itchy bumps.
What is anaphylaxis the result of?
Anaphylaxis can be the result of a type I hypersensitivity response with IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
What is anaphylaxis the result of?
Anaphylaxis can be the result of a type I hypersensitivity response with IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation.
How does adrenaline counteract anaphylactic shock?
Adrenaline binds to beta receptors dilating the airways.
Endotoxins are typically what type of molecule?
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
What are the clinical effects of LPS?
Fever Vascular collapse (shock)
How does LPS cause fever?
Release of cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF
What is TNF?
Tumour necrosis factor
E.coli is gram (positive/negative)?
Gram negative
What are the hallmarks of sepsis?
Fever of more than 100.4°F (38°C) or less than 96.8°F (36°C)
Heart rate of more than 90 beats per minute.
Respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths per minute or arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) of less than 32 mm Hg.
Abnormal white blood cell count.
How is sepsis managed?
Antibiotics as soon as possible.
Oxygen and intravenous (IV) fluids to maintain blood flow and oxygen to organs.
Kidney dialysis or assisted breathing with a machine, may be necessary.
What is SIRS?
SIRS is a serious condition related to systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. It is a subset of cytokine storm, in which there is abnormal regulation of various cytokines. SIRS is also closely related to sepsis, in which patients satisfy criteria for SIRS and have a suspected or proven infection.
