sepsis

Question 1

what is sepsis 6

Answer 1

give oxygen if required
give IV fluids
give appropriate IV antibiotics
take blood cultures
measure serum lactate
monitor urine output
all in ONE HOUR

Question 2

what colour is gram positive on gram stain

Answer 2

purple because they lack the outer membrane but have thick peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 3

difference between staph and strep

Answer 3

both gram positive cocci
- strep forms chains
- staph forms clusters
also: staph= catalase pos, strep = catalase neg

Question 4

gram positive cocci catalase positive

Answer 4

staph

Question 5

coagulase negative staph

Answer 5

s. epidermidis

Question 6

coagulase positive staph

Answer 6

s. aureus

Question 7

management of s. aureus infection in sepsis

Answer 7

flucloxacillin IV
vancomycin IV in allergy or MRSA

Question 8

example of beta haemolytic strep

Answer 8

strep. pyogenes

Question 9

bacteria cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 9

viridans streptococci and enterococci

Question 10

example of alpha haemolysis strep

Answer 10

viridans
strep pneumoniae

Question 11

example of gamma haemolysis bacteria

Answer 11

enterococci

Question 12

difference between beta and alpha haemolysis

Answer 12

beta is the complete clearing around the colonies
alpha is slightly green discolouration around the colonies

Question 13

gram positive cocci in pairs or chains catalase negative

Answer 13

strep

Question 14

what is facultative anaerobes

Answer 14

grow aerobically and anaerobically

Question 15

what is group A strep

Answer 15

strep pyogenes (beta haemolysis)

Question 16

group B strep

Answer 16

s. agalactiae (beta haemolysis)

Question 17

who does strep. agalactiae normally affect

Answer 17

pregnancy and neonates

Question 18

what infections does step. penumo normally cause

Answer 18

otitis
pneumonia
meningitis

Question 19

gram positive cocci

Answer 19

staph
strep
enterococci (e. faecalis and e. faecium, VRE)

Question 20

gram positive bacilli

Answer 20

corynebacterium
clostridium
listeria
bacillus

Question 21

examples of clostridium

Answer 21

c. perfringens (soft-tissue infections)
c. tetani (tetanus)
c. difficile

Question 22

examples of corynebacterium

Answer 22

c. diphtheriae

Question 23

examples of bacillus

Answer 23

b. anthracis
b. cereus

Question 24

examples of listeria

Answer 24

l. monocytogenes (meningo-encephalitis, risk to pregnancy)