seperation techniques Flashcards
What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
What is filtration used for?
To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
What is an example of filtration?
Separating sand from water.
How does filtration work?
Filter paper is used; the solid stays on the paper (residue), and the liquid passes through (filtrate).
What is evaporation used for?
To separate a soluble solid from a liquid.
What is an example of evaporation?
Getting salt from seawater.
How does evaporation work?
Heat the solution; the water evaporates, leaving the salt behind.
What is distillation used for?
To separate liquids with different boiling points.
What is an example of distillation?
Separating alcohol from water.
How does distillation work?
Heat the mixture, collect the liquid with the lower boiling point as it turns to gas and condenses back to liquid.
What is chromatography used for?
To separate substances based on how they move in a solvent.
What is an example of chromatography?
Separating dyes in ink.
How does chromatography work?
Place a dot of ink on filter paper; the dyes separate as the paper absorbs the solvent.
What is the purpose of using magnets in separation techniques?
To separate magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials.
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
What are the two types of pure substances?
- Element
- Compound
What is an element?
Made of one type of atom (e.g., gold, oxygen).
What is a compound?
Made of two or more elements chemically bonded (e.g., water = H₂O).
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Looks uniform (e.g., saltwater).
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
You can see the different parts (e.g., salad).
What are physical properties?
Characteristics you can observe without changing the substance.
What are chemical properties?
How a substance reacts to form something new.
What are the five states of matter?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma
- Bose-Einstein Condensate
What characterizes a solid?
Particles are tightly packed and don’t move; has a fixed shape and volume.
