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seperation techniques Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

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2
Q

What is filtration used for?

A

To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

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3
Q

What is an example of filtration?

A

Separating sand from water.

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4
Q

How does filtration work?

A

Filter paper is used; the solid stays on the paper (residue), and the liquid passes through (filtrate).

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5
Q

What is evaporation used for?

A

To separate a soluble solid from a liquid.

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6
Q

What is an example of evaporation?

A

Getting salt from seawater.

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7
Q

How does evaporation work?

A

Heat the solution; the water evaporates, leaving the salt behind.

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8
Q

What is distillation used for?

A

To separate liquids with different boiling points.

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9
Q

What is an example of distillation?

A

Separating alcohol from water.

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10
Q

How does distillation work?

A

Heat the mixture, collect the liquid with the lower boiling point as it turns to gas and condenses back to liquid.

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11
Q

What is chromatography used for?

A

To separate substances based on how they move in a solvent.

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12
Q

What is an example of chromatography?

A

Separating dyes in ink.

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13
Q

How does chromatography work?

A

Place a dot of ink on filter paper; the dyes separate as the paper absorbs the solvent.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of using magnets in separation techniques?

A

To separate magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials.

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15
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

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16
Q

What are the two types of pure substances?

A
  • Element
  • Compound
17
Q

What is an element?

A

Made of one type of atom (e.g., gold, oxygen).

18
Q

What is a compound?

A

Made of two or more elements chemically bonded (e.g., water = H₂O).

19
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

Looks uniform (e.g., saltwater).

20
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

You can see the different parts (e.g., salad).

21
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Characteristics you can observe without changing the substance.

22
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

How a substance reacts to form something new.

23
Q

What are the five states of matter?

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • Plasma
  • Bose-Einstein Condensate
24
Q

What characterizes a solid?

A

Particles are tightly packed and don’t move; has a fixed shape and volume.

25
Q

What characterizes a liquid?

A

Particles are close together but can move; takes the shape of its container but has a fixed volume.

26
Q

What characterizes a gas?

A

Particles are far apart and move freely; has no fixed shape or volume.

27
Q

What is plasma?

A

Superheated gas with charged particles (e.g., stars, lightning).

28
Q

What is Bose-Einstein Condensate?

A

Extremely cold matter where particles behave as one.

29
Q

What is melting?

A

Change from solid to liquid; requires heat.

30
Q

What is freezing?

A

Change from liquid to solid; removes heat.

31
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Change from liquid to gas; happens at the surface of a liquid.

32
Q

What is boiling?

A

Change from liquid to gas; happens throughout the liquid at its boiling point.

33
Q

What is condensation?

A

Change from gas to liquid; removes heat.

34
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Change from solid to gas; requires heat.

35
Q

What is deposition?

A

Change from gas to solid; removes heat.

36
Q

What happens to particles when heat is added?

A

Particles move faster.

37
Q

What happens to particles when heat is removed?

A

Particles move slower.

38
Q

What does a phase change graph show?

A

How temperature and state change as heat is added or removed.

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