seperation techniques

Question 1

separating funnel and how it works

Answer 1

used to separate immiscible liquids. the denser liquid will fall to the bottom and you can open the tap to separate them

Question 2

filtration and how it works

Answer 2

used to separate insoluble solid from liquid or soluble solid from insoluble solid. the substance left on the filtered paper is the residue and the liquid coming through is the filtrate.

Question 3

evaporation and crystallisation and how it works

Answer 3

used to separate a solute from a solvent.
- add solution into evaporating dish
- heat the evaporating dish until an almost saturated solution is formed
- switch off burner and allow the solution to cool
- crystals are formed and can be removed by filtration

Question 4

simple distillation and how it works

Answer 4

used to separate solute from solvent but you collect the solvent
- evaporating
- condensing
- collecting

Question 5

fractional distillation

Answer 5

used to separate solutions of liquids
- liquid with lowest boiling point will evaporate first
- fractionating column slows down the gasses to allow condensation in the right place

Question 6

chromatography

Answer 6

used to separate a variety of mixtures (e.g. coloured dyes)