Separation Techniques and the periodic table

Question 1

What is a mixture?

Answer 1

A substance in which two or more substances are mixed but not chemically combined

Question 2

What is a solution?

Answer 2

A specific type of mixture where one substance is dissolved into another

Question 3

What is a pure substance?

Answer 3

A substance that contains only one element or compound

Question 4

How can you tell if something is a pure substance?

Answer 4

An impure substance has a slightly lower melting point than a pure substance

Question 5

Name 4 ways you can separate a mixture:

Answer 5

Filtration, Distillation, Evaporation and Chromatography

Question 6

What is evaporation?

Answer 6

The process of turning liquid to vapour

Question 7

What is distillation?

Answer 7

Where you purify a liquid in the process of heating and cooling

Question 8

How are evaporation and distillation different?

Answer 8

Evaporation is a process that involves a change in the state of matter while distillation is a process of separation

Question 9

Describe how to carry out filtration:

Answer 9

There is a beaker containing a mixture of insoluble solid and liquid. There is filter paper in a filter funnel above another beaker. The mixture of insoluble solid and liquid is poured into the filter funnel. The liquid particles are small enough to pass through the filter paper as a filtrate.

Question 10

Why can’t you separate a solvent from a solute using filtration?

Answer 10

Because filtration works best when the solute isn’t dissolve in the solvent. For example, sand and water can be separated through filtration as both compounds do not dissolve with each other. However, sugar and water would not be separated through filtration as they dissolve with each other.

Question 11

What is chromatography used for?

Answer 11

For separating a mixture of chemical substances into its singular components

Question 12

Describe how to carry out chromatography:

Answer 12

Chromatography is carried out on paper. A spot of the mixture is placed near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper. The paper is then placed upright in a suitable solvent , such as water. As the solvent soaks up the paper, it carries the mixtures with it.

Question 13

What are the columns of the periodic table called?

Answer 13

Groups

Question 14

What are the rows of the periodic table called?

Answer 14

Periods

Question 15

Describe a trend of the group 1 elements:

Answer 15

The reactivity of group 1 elements increases as you go down the group

Question 16

Describe a trend of the group 7 elements:

Answer 16

The group 7 elements become less volatile as you go down the group

Question 17

What is special about group 0?

Answer 17

They are unreactive because their atoms have stable arrangements of electrons