separation techniques Flashcards
What is filtration used for
separating a soluable and insoluable substance
what is the equipment used in filtration
retort stand, boss head and clamp, beaker, funnel, filter paper
what is seiving used for?
separating solids of different sizes
what is evaporation used for?
separates a mixture by vaporising the low boiling component to leave the high boiling component as residue.
what is sedimentation
large amount of materials to separate by submerging in water and letting gravity pull the sediment to the bottom.
what is decanting
pouring off a layer of liquid that has formed above a layer of settled solids.
what is centrifuging?
accelerated form of sedimentation by using suspension and spinning to separate layers of sediment based on the weight of the material
flotation
component of a mixture floating to the top that can be scraped off and removed.
simple distillation
used for separating a liquid from a solution. vapour collected from condensation. eg. separating water from salt.
fractional distillation
separating two misceral liquids (liquids that dissolve in each other). (two boiling points)
sepparating funnel
two liquids that do not dissolve very well in each other (immiscable) separated with concept of unequal density. eg. oil and water.
magnetism
separating mixtures of two solids, with one that has metallic properties. (gold, silver and aluminium don’t have magnetic properties)
crystalisation
a solvent and an impure solid gets mixed together and dissolves forming a solution. this is then heated to evaporate most of solvent, then allowed to cool. solid appears as crystals. cold solution is poured away to obtain crystals.
