Separation techniques

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

An element is a substance that is made up of only ONE TYPE of atom. E.g. copper is an element because it is made up of millions of copper atoms.

Question 2

What is a mixture?

Answer 2

A mixture is formed when different substances are mingled together but they are not chemically bonded together.

Question 3

When a substance does not dissolve in a solvent it is said to be ______________.

Answer 3

Insoluble

Question 4

When a substances dissolves in a solvent it is said to be _______________.

Answer 4

Soluble

Question 5

Which separation technique separates magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials?

Answer 5

Magnetism

Question 6

Which separation technique separates a soluble solid by boiling off the liquid? e.g. a mixture of salt and water

Answer 6

Evaporation

Question 7

Which separation technique would separate an insoluble solid from a liquid e.g. sand and water?

Answer 7

Filtration

Question 8

Which separation technique separates liquids/inks of different colours?

Answer 8

Paper chromatography

Question 9

Which separation technique separates liquids with different boiling points

Answer 9

Distillation

Question 10

What is filtration used to separate?

Answer 10

Filtration separate insoluble solids from a liquid e.g. sand and water?

Question 11

What is the name of the substance left behind in the funnel after filtration has taken place?

Answer 11

Residue

Question 12

What is the name of the substance that is filtered through the funnel and collected at the end?

Answer 12

Filtrate

Question 13

How does the change of state of liquid to a gas occur?

Answer 13

Evaporation

Question 14

What is a solvent?

Answer 14

A liquid (e.g. water) in which a solute can dissolve to form a solution.

Question 15

What is a solute?

Answer 15

A solute is the substance that dissolves in the solvent.

Question 16

What is a solution?

Answer 16

A mixture of a dissolved solute in a solvent

Question 17

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 17

A saturated solution that contains the maximum amount of solute. No more will dissolve.

Question 18

In general how does temperature affect the solubility of a solute in solvent?

Answer 18

As the temperature increases the solubility of the solute also increases. i.e. more solute will dissolve as the temperature goes up.

Question 19

Which of the particle diagrams A, B, or C represents an mixture?

Answer 19

C

Question 20

Which of the particle diagrams A, B, or C represents an compound?

Answer 20

B

Question 21

Why does particle diagram A represent an element?

Answer 21

Because the substance is made up of only ONE TYPE of atom.

Question 22

Which of the particle diagrams A, B, or C represents an element?

Answer 22

A

Question 23

In this case sand is left behind in the filter paper.

What is the name for the insoluble substance (label A) that does not pass through the filter paper?

Answer 23

Residue

Question 24

What type of separation technique is shown by the diagram?

Answer 24

Filtration

Question 25

What is the term used for the liquid that passes through the filter paper (**label B**)?

Answer 25

Filtrate

Question 26

What is the name of the piece of equipment labelled **Y** in the diagram?

Answer 26

Bunsen burner

Question 27

What is the name of the piece of equipment labelled **X** in the diagram?

Answer 27

Evaporating dish (or evaporating basin)

Question 28

What is the name of the separation technique shown in the diagram?

Answer 28

Evaporation

Question 29

Why could you not use filtration to separate seawater (i.e. a mixture of water and salt)

Answer 29

Because seawater is a mixture of water and ***dissolved*** *salt.* Both water and salt particles would pass through the filter paper into the filtrate.

Question 30

How many coloured substances are in the **purple** ink?

Answer 30

There are 2 coloured substances (red and blue) in the purple ink.

Question 31

Which colour is a mixture of blue, yellow and red inks?

Answer 31

Brown

Question 32

Look at the chromatogram in the diagram. Which colour is the **most soluble**?

Answer 32

Yellow is the most soluble. The most soluble substances travel furthest along the chromatography paper.

Question 33

By what process does the gas turn back into a liquid in the condenser?

Answer 33

The gas cools and **condenses**. In this way the gas changes state to a liquid.

Question 34

By what process does the liquid in the round bottomed flask turn into a gas?

Answer 34

The liquid boils and then **evaporates**.

Question 35

What is the name of the separation technique shown in the diagram?

Answer 35

Distillation