What is a mixture?
A mixture is made up of components that are not chemically combined.
- Mixtures can be separated by several methods or techniques.
What is one major aspect that determines how a mixture will be separated?
The physical properties
What are the methods of separation?
Magnetic attraction Evaporation Distillation Separating funnel Chromatography Centrifuge Filtration Crystallization Sieving
What is the separation method, magnetic attraction, used for?
Magnetic attraction is used to separate a substance that is magnetic from another substance having no magnetic qualities.
Applications of magnetic attraction
- Electromagnets are used to remove steel and iron scraps from a junkyard.
- In hospitals, magnets are often used to remove iron splinters from patient’s eyes.
How is the separation method, Evaporation to dryness used?
Used to separate a dissolved solid( solute) that does not decompose on heating of a solution.
What is the procedure used to evaporate a substance?
- pour the substance into an evaporating dish
- heat the solution to dryness to evaporate the solvent to dryness, leaving the solute behind.
- Make the Bunsen burner flame smaller when almost all the solvent has evaporated away to avoid spitting.
Applications of Evaporation
- to dry clothes
- dry hair
- obtaining common salt from the sea
Crystallization
The process of obtaining a solid that decomposes on heating from its solution.
Filtration
Filtration separates a liquid from a solid.
What are the components of a filtered substance?
residue- the insoluble solid that remains on the filter paper
Filtrate- the liquid that passed through the filter paper.
Applications of filtration
- hair in our nostrils
- air filters in air conditioners
- oil and air filters in cars
What is simple distillation?
Simple distillation is the process of separating a pure liquid from a solid-liquid solution.
mis·ci·ble
adjective
(of liquids) forming a homogeneous mixture when added together.
“sorbitol is miscible with glycerol”
What is Fractional Distillation?
Fraction distillation is the process of separating miscible liquids with different boiling points.
eg. to separate alcohol and water
paper chromatography
The process used to separate different components in a liquid mixture.
Uses of Paper Chromatography
- To separate different colored components that make up black ink
- To detect tiny amounts of drugs or certain other chemicals in urine samples.
Centrifugation
- Spin sample very rapidly: denser material goes to the bottom(outside)
Applications of Centrifuge
- Is used to separate cream from milk and the butter from crude in diaries at home.
Separating funnel
- When two immiscible liquids are mixed together they eventually form layers, if left to stand. The less dense liquid forms a layer above the more dense liquid. Separation of two immiscible liquids using a separating funnel.
Sieving
Used to separate coarse from fine parts of loose matter
What is straining?
Pour a mainly liquid substance through a porous device or material in order to separate any solid matter.
What is Winnowing?
Winnowing is separating the chaff from the grain by the wind.
