SEPARATION PROCESSES Flashcards
Which of the following operations does not involve leaching?
a. Dissolving gold from ores.
b. Dissolving pharmaceutical products from bark or roots.
c. Dissolving sugar from the cells of the beet.
d. Removing nicotine from its water solution by kerosene.
D. Removing nicotine from its water solution by kerosene
Tea percolation employs
a. solvent extraction
b. leaching
c. absorption
d. adsorption
B. leaching
Neem oil is a traditional plant product which possesses
spermicidal properties. A group of students working on their
investigatory project wanted to test how effective the said oil was
as contraceptive by using it as a component for contraceptives.
The students were able to gather 5 kg of Neem Tree Seeds that
contains 30% of soluble oil and 70% inert solids and they decided
to use 5 kg of pure hexane to extract the oil. What percentage of
oil will they be able to recover given that the ratio of the liquid to
solid components in the underflow is 0.5? Assume ideal
leaching.
a. 88%
b. 93%
c. 73%
d. 65%
c. 73%
Which of the following is the most commonly used leaching
solvent in vegetable oil industry?
a. phenol
b. hexane
c. furfural
d. liquid SO2
B. hexane
Leaching of sugar from sugar beets is done using
a. hot water
b. hexane
c. dilute H2SO4
d. lime water
A. hot water
In a determination of the solution retention data, the mass fraction
of the solute in the extract was determined to be 0.6. The
corresponding underflow analysis showed a retention of 0.6 kg
solvent per kg of the inert solid. The mass fraction of solute in the
underflow is most likely
a. 0.60
b. 0.36
c. 0.47
d. 0.27
B. 0.36
In a salt recovery plant, rock salt is being leached to produce
industrial salt in a continuous counter current system consisting
of two ideal stages using water as leaching medium. the average
composition of the rock salt is: inerts = 70%, soluble salts = 25%,
moisture = 5%, all percentage by weight. The underflow from
each stage contains 0.3 kg of solution per kg of inerts. The plant
leaches 50 MT of rock salt per day using 50 MT of water.
- The quantity of soluble salts recovered in MT/day is
a. 12.1
b. 14
c. 13.1
d. 11.2 - The composition of salt in weight percent in the final underflow is
a. 0.88%
b. 0.78%
c. 0.98%
d. 0.68%
- A. 12.1
- A. 0.88%
Rate of leaching increases with increasing
a. temperature
b. pressure
c. viscosity of solvent
d. size of the solid
A. temperature
In a counter-current extractor, as the axial mixing increases, the
extraction efficiency
a. increases
b. decreases
c. remains unchanged
d. depends on the pressure of the system
B. decreases
0.4 kg/s of dry sea-shore sand, containing 1 per cent by mass of
salt, is to be washed with 0.4 kg/s of fresh water running counter
currently to the sand through two classifiers in series. It may be
assumed that perfect mixing of the sand and water occurs in each
classifier and that the sand discharged from each classifier
contains one part of water for every two of sand by mass.
- If the washed sand is dried in a kiln dryer, what percentage of salt
will it retain?
a. 0.47%
b. 0.18%
c. 0.25%
d. 0.33% - What wash rate would be required in a single classifier in order to
wash the sand to the same extent?
a. 0.5 kg/s
b. 0.8 kg/s
c. 0.4 kg/s
d. 0.9 kg/s
- C. 0.25%
- B. 0.8 kg/s
When the solvent dissolves very little of solute, then
a. solvent of low latent heat of vaporization should be used.
b. solvent of low freezing point should be used.
c. large quantity of solvent is required to extract the solute.
d. very small quantity of solvent is required.
C. large quantity of solvent is required to extract the solute.
Seeds, containing 20% by mass of oil, are extracted in a counter
current plant, and 90% of the oil is recovered in a solution
containing 50% by mass of oil. If the seeds are extracted with
fresh solvent and 1 kg of solution is removed in the underflow in
association with every 2 kg of insoluble matter, how many ideal
stages are required?
a. 5
b. 3
c. 7
d. 2
A. 5
Ground roasted coffee contains 8% soluble solids, 2% water, and
90% inert insoluble solids. In order to obtain an extract with high
soluble solids content without having to concentrate it for spray
drying, a countercurrent extraction process is to be used to
prepare the extract. It is desired that the final extract contains 0.15
kg soluble/ kg water and that the soluble of the spent coffee
grounds not to exceed 0.008 kg/kg dry inert solids. The coffee
grounds carry 1 kg water/ kg of soluble free inert solids and this
quantity is constant with the solute concentration in the extract.
Determine the number of extraction stages needed for this
process.
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
D. 6
Leaching of uranium ore and gold ore is done in
a. centrifugal extractor
b. Bollman extractor
c. Pachuka tanks
d. none of these
C. Pachuka tanks
Tung meal containing 55% oil is to be extracted at a rate of 4000
kg/hr using n-hexane containing 5% wt oil as solvent. A counter current multiple stage extraction system is to be used. The meal
retains 2 kg solvent per kg of oil free meal while the residual
charge contains 0.11 kg oil per kg oil free meal while the product
is composed of 15 weight percent of oil. The theoretical number
of stages is
a. 4
b. 5
c. 3
d. 6
A. 4
Bollman extractor
a. is a static bed leaching equipment.
b. is used for extraction of oil from oil seed.
c. is a centrifugal extractor.
d. employs only counter-current extraction.
B. is used for extraction of oil from oil seed.
One thousand pounds of roasted copper ore containing 10
percent CuSO4, 85 percent insoluble gangue and 5 percent
moisture is to be extracted by washing it three times with 2000-lb
batches of fresh water. It has been found that the solids retain 0.8
lb of solution per pound of gangue.
- What is the percent CuSO4 of the final underflow sludge after
three washings?
a. 0.13%
b. 6.54%
c. 3.12%
d. 8.90% - What is the percent recovery?
a. 75.5%
b. 90.8%
c. 85.1%
d. 97.9%
- A. 0.13%
- D. 97.9%
Acetic acid will be most economically separated from a dilute
solution of acetic acid in water by
a. solvent extraction
b. evaporation
c. continuous distillation
d. absorption
A. solvent extraction
Separation of two or more components of a liquid solution cannot
be achieved by
a. liquid extraction
b. absorption
c. fractional crystallization
d. evaporation
b. absorption
Solvent extraction is the terminology applied to the liquid-liquid
extraction, which is preferred for the separation of the
components of liquids, when
a. extracting solvent is cheaply and abundantly available.
b. one of the liquid components is heat sensitive.
c. viscosity of liquid components is very high.
d. one of the liquid components has very high affinity towards the
solvent.
d. one of the liquid components has very high affinity towards the
solvent.
The distribution coefficient of solute A between solvents B and S
is given by Y = 2.5X where Y = mass of A / mass of S in extract
and X = mass of A / mass of B in raffinate. S and B are mutually
immiscible. A solution containing 25% A in B is to be extracted in
a single stage contact with a recovery of 80%. The amount of S
in kg required per 100 kg of solution is nearly
a. 100
b. 150
c. 120
d. 200
C. 120
The solvent used in liquid extraction should not have high latent
heat of vaporization, because
a. the pressure drop and hence the pumping cost will be very
high.
b. it cannot be recovered by distillation.
c. its recovery cost by distillation may be prohibitively high.
d. it will decompose while recovering by distillation.
c. its recovery cost by distillation may be prohibitively high.
Compound A is extracted from a solution of A + B into a pure
solvent S. A co-current unit is used for the liquid-liquid extraction.
The inlet rate of the solution containing A is 200 moles of B/hr-m2
and the solvent flow, rate is 400 moles of S/m2-hr. The equilibrium
data is represented by Y = 2x, where Y is in moles of a A/moles
of B and X is in moles A/moles of S. The maximum percentage
extraction achieved in the unit is
a. 25%
b. 70%
c. 50%
d. 90%
c. 50 %
Which of the following equipment is not used in liquid-liquid
extraction?
a. Pachuka tank
b. Packed towers
c. Agitated vessels
d. Centrifugal extractors
a. Pachuka tank