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OCS > Separation > Flashcards

Separation Flashcards

1
Q

Whe n alternative methods of separation are available, which should you select?

A

Controllers should select the least restrictive, compatible with workload and the overall traffic situation.

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2
Q

When arranging separation what allowances shall be taken into account?

A

The time involved in the compilation and transmission of clearances to ensure that the required separation minimum is not infringed.

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3
Q

What action must a Controller take when the separation or minimum between aircraft cannot be maintained?

A

Another type of separation or another minimum shall be established prior to the time when the current separation minimum would be infringed.

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4
Q

Where flights are required to be separated, how shall this be achieved?

A

Vertical separation is achieved by requiring aircraft using prescribed altimeter setting procedures to operate at levels that are separated by a specified minimum.
Horizontal separation is achieved by applying longitudinal, lateral, geographical or radar separation.
Visual separation is achieved by the sighting of aircraft and the application of procedures described in this section.

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5
Q

List the SEVEN examples provided in MATS where INCREASED separation should be applied.

A
  • when requested by a pilot or considered necessary by the Controller; or
  • when a pilot reports severe turbulence or mountain wave activity or the aircraft is entering an area of severe turbulence or mountain wave activity; or
  • the navigational accuracy of an aircraft may be impaired; or
  • failure of a navaid reduces capacity for frequent determination of position and speed; or
  • an aircraft is experiencing a communications failure; or
  • an aircraft’s performance is abnormal; or
  • an aircraft is subject to unlawful interference.
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6
Q

According to the MATS, under what circumstances may separation be reduced?

A
  • when visual (including composite visual) separation is applied; or
  • when military separation is being applied; or
  • between aircraft in formation, providing prior notice of the formation flight has been given to ATC, or the formation flight consists of an aircraft in distress and its escort.
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7
Q

State the elements Essential Traffic should include

A
  • The words “ESSENTIAL TRAFFIC”
  • Direction of flight
  • Type of aircraft
  • level information
  • Position information
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8
Q

Is the Auckland Oceanic FIR designated RVSM airspace? If so, between what flight levels?

A

Yes, F290-F410

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9
Q

State the guidance provided by the MATS with regard to priority for level allocation within the RVSM stratum.

A

RVSM approved aircraft shall have priority for level allocation over non-RVSM approved aircraft within the RVSM stratum. A non- RVSM state aircraft (military, customs or Police) shall be afforded the same priority within the RVSM stratum as an RVSM approved aircraft.

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10
Q

Detail the THREE occasions where non-RVSM civil aircraft may flight plan with the intention of operating in or transiting through the RVSM stratum.

A
  • the aircraft is being delivered for initial acceptance, change of ownership, or lease; or
  • the aircraft was formerly RVSM approved but has experienced an equipment failure and is being flown to a maintenance facility for repair to meet RVSM requirements and/or obtain approval, or is transporting externally a spare engine or strut assembly; or
  • is being utilised for mercy or humanitarian purposes.
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11
Q

When is a revised non-RVSM clearance required to be issued to an aircraft operating within the RVSM stratum?

A
  • Aircraft encountering weather turbulence that affects its capability to maintain the CFL; or
  • Encountering wake turbulence; or
  • Experiencing distracting aircraft system alerts.
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12
Q

How shall an aircraft operator indicate that the appropriate State authority has approved the aircraft for RVSM operations?

A

“Approved non-RVSM” in item 18 of the ICAO flight plan.

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13
Q

When may an RVSM level be used outside the RVSM stratum?

A

As part of a block clearance.

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14
Q

What phraseology should be used to verbally supplement an automated EST message exchange which does not automatically transfer item 18 flight plan information regarding non-RVSM?

A

Negative RVSM or Negative RVSM state aircraft [as applicable]

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15
Q

Define what is meant by the term RNP.

A

A statement of the navigation performance accuracy necessary for operation within a defined airspace and is based on a navigation performance accuracy value which is expected to be achieved at least 95% of the time by the population of aircraft operating within the airspace.

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16
Q

When are pilots required to advise ATC that their aircraft is unable to meet their filed RNP value?

A
  • 30 minutes prior to entry into RNP airspace; or

- immediately, when within 30 minutes of, or in, RNP airspace.

17
Q

May aircraft which are non-RNP10 compliant be permitted to operate within Auckland Oceanic RNP airspace?

A

Yes, solely at ATC discretion.

18
Q

When are aircraft that are entering airspace within which a larger lateral separation minimum applies that that being exited considered to be separated? State the navigation systems requirement to be met when applying this separation.

A

Provided that aircraft are flying on tracks that:

  • are separated by the appropriate (lateral or radar) minimum for the airspace being exited, AND then
  • diverge by 15 degrees or more until the applicable larger separation minimum is established; AND
  • the aircraft have the navigation capability necessary to ensure accurate track guidance.
  • Inertial Navigation Systems (INS); or
  • Inertial Reference Systems in conjunction with a Flight Management System (IRS/FMS); or
  • Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) approved aircraft; or
  • Required Navigation Performance 10 (RNP10) or less approved aircraft.

Indicated by insertion of R, I or G in item 10 of a flight plan.

19
Q

With respect to RNP navigation in Oceanic Airspace, how is a nagivational deviation defined?

A
  • an unauthorised lateral deviation of 15NM or more, observed by any means;
  • a variation of 10NM or more from a specified longitudinal distance standard, observed by ADS-C;
  • a variation of 3 minutes or more from a specified time given for a reporting point or FIR boundary
20
Q

The VOR/DME Lateral Separation table published in MATS RAC 5 is approved for use on tracks base on the YSNF and NCRG VOR/DME.

A

True

21
Q

With respect to an active SUA, within what distance of that SUA will OCS indicate a conflict?

A

50NM

22
Q

How may longitudinal separation based on time be established?

A
  • Requiring aircraft to depart at a specified time; or
  • Lose or gain time to arrive over a location at a specified time; or
  • hold over a location until a specified time.
23
Q

What longitudinal separation standards may be used in the Oceanic environment between aircraft climbing, descending or maintaining the same level on the same track?

A

T15, T10RNP, D50RNP or D30RNP or MNT time separation (T5-T10).

24
Q

State the LONGITUDINAL separation minima applied between aircraft on crossing tracks.

A

T15

25
Q

Define and explain what is meant by the term ADS-C.

A

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract. A means by which the terms of an ADS-C agreement will be exchanged between the ground system and the aircraft, via a datalink, specifying under what conditions ADS-C reports would be initiated, and what data would be contained in the records.

26
Q

Define and explain what is meant by the term CPDLC.

A

Controller Pilot data link communications. A means of communication between controller and pilot, using datalink for ATC communications.

27
Q

Explain what is meant by the term ‘Area of Conflict’.

A

An area within which horizontal separation between particular flights does not exist.

28
Q

State the separation minima applied between aircraft flying on reciprocal tracks.

A
  • T10 prior to and after the ETP, where the ETP is determined to be the time at which the aircraft are the closest to each other; or
  • Until the aircraft have passed each other by at least D50RNP or D30 RNP as appropriate.
29
Q

State the occasions where reciprocal track separation minima standards need not apply.

A

When it is confirmed that the aircraft have passed each other by:

  • both aircraft having reported crossing a common exact reporting point, or
  • mutual sighting provided that there is no possibility of incorrect identification, or
  • another separation standard.
30
Q

In the case where a flight deviates from an ATC clearance due to a TAWS or GPWS alert, weather or other emergency, what procedures apply?

A
  • No control instructions shall be issued to the aircraft making the deviation, and
  • Where separation is lost or likely to be lost, instructions shall be issued to other aircraft involved which will re-establish separation with a minimum of delay, and
  • Traffic or Essential Traffic information shall be issued if appropriate

OCS (4 decks)

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