Separation Flashcards
What is a mixture? (1 mark)
Is two or more substances physically mixed but not chemically combined (e.g. oil and water)
What can a mixture be separated using? (2 marks)
Boiling point or solubility
Apparatus needed for filtration (3 marks)
Concial flask
Funnel
Filter paper
Apparatus for evaporation (6 marks)
Heat with bunsen burner Heatproof mat Tripod Gauze Beaker Evaporating basin
How are immiscible liquids seperated? (3 marks)
Separated using a separate funnel
The tap can be opened and the lower layer runs out to be collected
What are immiscible liquids? (1 mark)
Liquids that do not mix
oil and water
How are miscible liquids separated? (3 marks)
Separated using distillation as long as their boiling points are different
The liquid with the lower boiling, boils first and is collected
Why does distillation produce pure water but filtration does not?
Some contaminates in the water are soluble so they can’t be filtered out of the water, whereas in distillation it can due to different boiling points
What are miscible liquids? (1 mark)
Liquids that disolve into each other, mixing completely
What are the uses of fractional distillation? (2 marks)
To separate ethanol from a fermented mixture in the alcoholic spirits industry and in the use of ethanol as a biofuel
Uses for chromatography (3 marks)
Detect blood or alcohol levels in a patients blood
To determine the level of pollutants in the water supply
To purify a chemical needed to make a product
How to find out Rf value for paper chromatography?
height of substance / height of solvent
What is chromatography?
A technique that uses the difference in solubility to separate a mixture
What are molecules?
two or more substances (atoms) that are chemically combined
What are compounds?
two or more different elements that are chemically combined
