Separating techniques

Question 1

Sieving

Answer 1

Description: mixture is poured through wire gauze in a frame, small particles pass through, and large particles are trapped.
Principle: difference in particle size
Example: boiled rice & water

Question 2

Filtration

Answer 2

Description: mixture is poured into funnel with paper that is semi-permeable that separates solids from liquids. Solid particles trapped by filter paper. The filtrate is the liquid that passes through the paper.
Principle: insoluble solid from liquid (particle size & solubility)
Example: sandy water

Question 3

Distillation

Answer 3

Description: heating component used to vaporize a substance. As it rises there will be a stopper to trap the vapor. Vapor is forced into the arm because of pressure. Cool water rushed in to condense the vapor into a liquid for collection.
Principle: boiling point (at least 50° difference)

Question 4

Fractional distillation

Answer 4

Description: process of separating crude oil into groups of hydrocarbons with similar number of carbon atoms.
Principle: boiling point

Question 5

Separating funnel

Answer 5

Description: pour in carefully to prevent emulsion. Funnel is closed and then gently inverted a few times. Stopper is then carefully opened. The bottom valve is then opened and the first layer is collected in a beaker.
Principle: density (only w 2 liquids that don’t mix)

Question 6

Magnetic separation

Answer 6

Description: something magnetic is rolled over the substances.
Principle: different degrees of attraction to a magnetic field