separating mixtures Flashcards
what are the 4 techniques of separating mixtures
the 4 techniques of separating mixtures are filtration, crystallisation, distillation and chromatography
what is filtration used to separate
filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
what is crystallisation used to separate
crystallisation is used to separate an soluble solid from a liquid
what is simple distillation used to separate
simple distillation is used to separate a solvent from a solution
what is fractional distillation used to separate
fractional distillation is used to separate mixtures of liquids whose boiling points are similar
what happens during filtration
in filtration the mixture goes through the filter papering. The liquid goes through the filter paper holes while the insoluble solid is left in the filter paper. this is called the residue
what happens during crystallisation
A solution is placed in an evaporating basin and heated with a Bunsen burner. You leave the solution so it can evaporate. Solid particles begin to form in the basin.All the water has evaporated, leaving solid crystals behind.
what happens during simple distillation
Salt solution is heated.
Water evaporates and its vapours rise. The water vapour passes into the condenser, where it cools and condenses. Liquid water drips into a beaker.All the water has evaporated from the salt solution, leaving the salt behind.
what happens during fractional distillation
vapours rise through a column which is hot at the bottom, and cooler at the top vapours condense when they reach a part of the column that is below the temperature of their boiling point each liquid is led away from the column
how do you do chromatography
You draw a pencil line across the bottom of a sheet of paper, place a dot of ink on the line, and place the paper upright in a beaker of solvent. The solvent travels up the paper, carrying the ink with it, and the ink separates out into all of its different coloured components.
