Separating Mixtures Flashcards
Physical change
no change in particles, just the particle arrangement and energy, easy to reverse e.g. mixing water and salt
Chemical change
A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed, very difficult to reverse e.g. burning a match
During a chemical reaction
the atoms rearrange to form a new substance. Might be seen by colour change, temperature
change, light being emitted or bubbles.
Law of conservation of mass
Matter can be changed from one form to another. During physical and chemical changes, there is no overall change in mass
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble solids (do not dissolve in a liquid) from a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids. E.g. sand and water.
Evaporation
Used to separate soluble solids (dissolve in liquids) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solids. E.g. salt water.
Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with different boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78o) and water (boils at 100 o). Also used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure sample of each
Chromatography
Used to separate a mixture of dissolved substances in a solution. E.g. the different colours in a black marker.
Insoluble
does not dissolve in a liquid
Soluble
Dissolves in liquid
Residue
the soil left in the filter paper after filtratio
Filtrate
the clean water that comes after filtratio
Evaporation
used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid e.g. salt and water
Solvent
the liquid that a solid is dissolved into
Solute
the solid that is left behind after evaporation
