Separating Mixture and Conservation of Mass Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four state symbols and what do they stand for?

A

(s) solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aqueous

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom

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3
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance that contains several different substances that are not chemically bonded together

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4
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together

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5
Q

In everyday language what is a “pure” substance?

A

A substance that has had nothing added to it and is in its “natural” state

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6
Q

In chemistry what is a “pure” substance?

A

A substance made of a single element or compound

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7
Q

How can pure substances be distinguished from impure ones?

A

By their melting/boiling points

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8
Q

What are the melting and boiling points of pure substances?

A

One very specific temperature

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9
Q

What are the melting and boiling points of impure substances?

A

They change state at a range of temperatures

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10
Q

What is a formulation?

A

A mixture made to a specific recipe and designed for a specific purpose

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11
Q

Give three examples of formulations.

A

Any three from: paint, detergents, medicines, cosmetics

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12
Q

What type of mixture can be separated by filtration?

A

A liquid and an insoluble solid

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13
Q

What is crystalliasation?

A

A process where water is evaporated from a solution to produce solid crystals of the substance dissolved

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14
Q

What is distillation?

A

A process that separates a liquid from a solution (or mixture of liquids) by evaporating and then condensing the liquid

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15
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

A process to separate a mixture of liquids that have similar boiling points

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16
Q

What is chromatography?

A

A process to separate the constituents of a mixture

17
Q

How can chromatography show the difference between pure and impure substances?

A

Pure ones will not separate into a number of spots

18
Q

In chromatography, why must the substances be placed on a pencil line?

A

Pencil will not dissolve in the solvent

19
Q

In chromatography why must the solvent height be lower than the pencil line?

A

So that the substances do not dissolve into the solvent off the paper

20
Q

What is the conservation of mass?

A

That atoms cannot be created or destroyed

21
Q

When a metal forms a metal oxide, why does the mass increase?

A

Because oxygen atoms from the air have been added

22
Q

When an acid reacts with a metal, why does the mass decrease?

A

Because a gas is produced and escapes