Separate Physics - P3 Particle Model of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What equation links density, mass and volume?

A

Density = mass / volume

⍴ = m / v

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2
Q

What two energy stores make up the internal energy stored by particles?

A

Kinetic energy and potential energy stores.

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3
Q

Draw a particle model for a liquid.

A
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4
Q

Name the change of state when a solid turns straight into a gas.

A

Sublimation

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5
Q

Draw a particle model for a solid.

A
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6
Q

Draw a particle model for a gas.

A
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7
Q

Name the changes of state labelled a, b, c and d.

A

a) Melting
b) Freezing
c) Boiling
d) Condensing

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8
Q

What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The energy needed to change the state of a substance between a liquid and gas (boiling or condensing).

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9
Q

Why is there not a temperature rise during a change of state?

A
  • Energy is put into the system.
  • The internal energy of the system increases.
  • But the energy is used to break bonds rather than raising the temperature of the system.
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10
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 oC.

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11
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1 kg of a substance.

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12
Q

What is the name for the energy stored by particles?

A

Internal energy

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13
Q

What happens to the internal energy of a system when heated?

A
  • Particles gain energy
  • Kinetic energy store of particles increases
  • Particles move faster
  • Internal energy increases
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14
Q

What happens when you increase the temperature of a gas at constant volume?

A
  • Increases the pressure
  • Because the particles move faster
  • Increased frequency of collisions of particles with the sides of the container.
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15
Q

What is specific latent heat of fusion?

A

The energy needed to change the state of a substance between a solid and liquid (melting or freezing).

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16
Q

What are the units for:

a) Mass
b) Volume
c) Density

A

a) The units for mass are kg
b) The units for volume are m3
c) The units for density are kg/m3

17
Q

How would you measure the density of a regular object?

A
  • Measure the volume of the object (e.g. for a square, you would measure the length of the sides using a ruler and multiply length x width x height)
  • Measure its mass using a balance.
  • Calculate density using the equation: density = mass / volume
18
Q

How would you measure the density of a liquid?

A
  • Use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of a liquid.
  • Use a balance to measure the mass of a liquid.
  • Calculate density using the equation: density = mass / volume
19
Q

What do the horizontal lines on a heating or cooling curve represent?

A

A change of state

20
Q

How would you measure the density of an irregular object?

A
  • Measure the mass using a balance.
  • Measure volume by placing the object in a eureka can filled with water.
  • Measure the volume of water displaced into a measuring cylinder to find the volume of the object.
  • Calculate density using the equation: density = mass / volume
21
Q

Separate Q. What are the SI units for:

a) Pressure
b) Temperature

A

a) The units for pressure are pascals (Pa)
b) The units for temperature are oC

22
Q

Separate Q. Describe what causes gas pressure in a sealed container.

A
  • Gas particles collide with the sides of the container.
  • With each collision, they exert a force on the container.
  • The outward pressure is the total force of all the particles exerted over the area of container walls.
23
Q

Separate Q. Describe the relationship between pressure and volume.

A
  • Pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
  • As volume increases, pressure decreases.
  • As volume decreases, pressure increases.
24
Q

Separate Q. Why does increasing the volume in which a gas is contained, at constant temperature, decrease the pressure?

A

Increasing the volume spreads the particles out so they hit the container less often, decreasing the pressure.

25
Q

Separate Higher Q. What effect does ‘doing work’ on a gas cause?

A
  • An increases in internal energy.
  • An increase in temperature.
26
Q

Separate Q. When particles collide with the surface of a container, at what angle is the force exerted?

A

At right angles to the surface of the container.

27
Q

Separate Higher Q. Give the definition of ‘work’.

A

The transfer of energy by a force

28
Q

Separate Higher Q. Explain why a bike tyre gets warmer as you pump it up.

A
  • The gas particles apply pressure on the pump and therefore exerts a forces against the pump.
  • You have to ‘do work’ against the force in order to push down the pump and push air into the tyre.
  • By ‘doing work’, you transfer energy to the kinetic energy stores of the gas particles.
  • The temperature increases, so the bike tyre will feel warmer.