Separate Chemistry - 5.4 Flashcards
What two non-metals are often included in the reactivity series?
Hydrogen and Carbon
What is the name for the reaction that involves the gaining of oxygen?
Oxidation
If an atom is very reactive, is it more or less likely to turn into an ion?
More likely
What type of reaction is shown by the equation below?
magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide
Oxidation
What is that name for the reaction that involves the removal of oxygen?
Reduction
Put the following elements in order of reactivity from least to most reactive:
iron / lithium / zinc / copper / potassium / calcium / sodium / magnesium
(least reactive) copper – iron – zinc – magnesium – calcium – lithium – sodium – potassium (most reactive)
Why can’t aluminium be extracted by reduction with carbon?
Aluminium is more reactive than carbon
What chemical reaction is shown by the equation below to extract iron from iron oxide?
Iron oxide + carbon → iron + carbon dioxide
Reduction (with carbon)
Q. Complete the general equation:
Metal + Acid →
Q. Complete the general equation:
Metal + Water →
- Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen
- Metal + Water → Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
Q. Complete the general equation:
Acid + Metal Carbonate →
Q. Complete the general equation:
Acid + Metal oxide →
Acid + Metal carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
Acid + Metal oxide → Salt + Water
What type of separation process would you use to separate a soluble salt?
Crystallisation
What type of separation process would you use to separate an insoluble salt?
Filtration
Why is gold found naturally in the Earth, but other metals are locked up in compounds?
Gold is unreactive
Name the ‘salt’ produced when the following chemicals react:
a) Sodium carbonate + nitric acid
b) Magnesium oxide + sulfuric acid
c) Iron hydroxide + hydrochloric acid
*these are just examples, you need to be able to do this for any base reacting with hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acid.
a) Sodium nitrate
b) Magnesium sulfate
c) Iron chloride
Write the formulae of the following salts using the formulae of ions provided below.
Formulae of common ions: Na+, Cl-, Mg2+
a) Sodium Chloride
b) Magnesium Chloride
*these are just examples, you need to be able to do this for any salt when given the formulae of common ions
a) NaCl
b) MgCl2
Describe how you would make a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt using an insoluble base and an acid.
- Add base in excess to acid.
- Filter excess base.
- Crystallisation – to separate salt from its solution.
a) What is the pH range of acids?
b) What is the pH range of alkalis?
c) What is the pH of a neutral solution?
a) 0-6
b) 8-14
c) 7
Name the ion found in alkaline solutions
Hydroxide ion, OH-