Separate Chemistry 1 Flashcards
What is a transition metal?
A metal that is located in between groups 2 and 3.
Name 4 typical properties of transition metals.
- High melting points.
- High densities.
- Form coloured compounds.
- Can act as catalysts.
Define ‘catalyst’.
A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction
without being used up in the reaction.
What is the Haber process?
The industrial chemical process that makes ammonia by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen together.
Define ‘corrosion’.
The destruction of a metal by oxidation.
Define ‘rusting’.
A corrosion process where iron or steel reacts with oxygen AND water.
How can you prevent rusting?
By keeping oxygen OR water away.
How can you exclude oxygen?
By storing the metal in an atmosphere of unreactive nitrogen or argon.
How can you exclude water?
By storing the metal with a substance that absorbs water.
What is electroplating?
Using electrolysis to put a thin layer of a metal on the object.
When electroplating, what is the cathode?
The iron or steel object.
When electroplating, what is the anode?
The plating metal.
When electroplating, the electrolyte contains _____________________.
ions of the plating metal
What is sacrificial protection?
Protecting iron from rusting by putting it in contact with a more reactive metal.
Why does sacrificial protection work?
The more reactive metal oxidises more readily, so corrodes away instead of the iron.
What is ‘galvanising’?
When iron is coated in zinc.
What is an alloy?
A mixture of 2 or more elements, where at least 1 is a metal.
Solid metals have a regular _______ structure.
lattice
What is a lattice structure?
A regular grid-like arrangement of atoms.
Why can alloys be stronger than the elements that make it?
The atoms of the elements can be different sizes. This distorts the regular lattice structure, so layers of atoms cannot slide each other so easily.
The more difficult it is for the layers of atoms to move past each other, the more _______________ and the _________________.
force is needed
stronger the metal
What is an alloy steel?
An alloy produced by mixing iron with one or more other metals.
How many cm³ are in 1 dm³?
1000
Name 5 properties of metals?
- Good conductors of heat.
- Good conductors of electricity.
- Malleable.
- Ductile.
- Shiny.
Define ‘ductile’.
Able to be drawn out into a thin wire.
Name 1 property of pure copper.
Unreactive.
Name 2 properties of pure aluminium.
- Low density.
- Resistant to corrosion.
Name 2 properties of alloys.
- Good conductors of heat.
- Good conductors of electricity.
