SEP and the Causes of the Causes - L14

Question 1

What is SEP?

Answer 1

Socio-economic position refers to the social and economic factors that influence what positions individuals or groups hold within the structure of a society

Question 2

What are the qualities of the determinants of SEP?

Answer 2

Determinants of SEP (the factors that determine one’s socio-economic position) must be objective, measurable, and meaningful

Question 3

Why is measuring SEP important?

Answer 3

Quantify amount of inequity between populations
View changes in population structure over time
Understand the relationship between SEP and health

Question 4

What are the factors which determine one’s SEP?

Answer 4

Education
Income
Occupation
Housing
Assets and wealth

Question 5

What are the two types of measures for SEP?

Answer 5

Area measures
Population measures

Question 6

What are examples of area measures of SEP?

Answer 6

Deprivation and access to resources

Question 7

What are examples of population measures of SEP?

Answer 7

Income inequality
GDP per capita
Literacy rates

Question 8

How does the Dahlgren and Whitehead model relate to SEP?

Answer 8

The determinants present at the different levels determine ones SEP
e.g at the individual lifestyle level one’s choices could determine the occupation and therefore the income they earn

Question 9

How does SEP relate to health?

Answer 9

The factors that determine one’s SEP (income, occupation, education, assets/wealth) directly influence health.
Proven by many studies.

Question 10

How can the social and community influences on the DW model influence SEP?

Answer 10

SEP of parents - their income, education, occupation, assets/wealth

Question 11

How can the individual lifestyle level of the DW model influence SEP?

Answer 11

At the individual lifestyle level one’s choices could determine the occupation and therefore the income they earn

Question 12

How can the living and working conditions of an individual as classified on the DW model influence SEP?

Answer 12

By using area-level deprivation measures we can see that there are inequities on one’s SEP based on where they live - the place they live in relates to living and working conditions

Question 13

What is deprivation?

Answer 13

A state of observable and demonstrable disadvantage relative to the local community or the wider society or nation to which an individual, family or group belongs
Applied to conditions and quality of life that are of a lower standard than is ORDINARY in society

Question 14

What does poverty refer to?

Answer 14

A state in which a lack of income and resources prevent one from a normative standard of living (defined by eurocentric ideals)

Question 15

How is deprivation EASILY measured?

Answer 15

By focusing on material deprivation - specifically ‘what do you NOT have’

Question 16

What is NZDep?

Answer 16

NZ index of deprivation
area-based measure of SEP which measures people’s relative position in society based on where they live, not who they are themselves

Question 17

What factors are measured as part of NZDep?

Answer 17

Communication
Support
Income
Employment
Qualifications
Owned home
Living space
Living condition

Question 18

How should one attempt to understand and identify links between health and SEP?

Answer 18

Begin by considering health outcomes and ask questions about why? as you consider the cause then the cause of the cause etc etc
e.g.
Low access to healthcare
why?
Low income
why?
Unemployed
why?
Low educational attainment

Question 19

What is a social gradient?

Answer 19

The idea that health outcomes are directly proportional to one’s SEP
e.g. COVID deaths in the UK
Higher SEP = less COVID deaths