Sentence Structures

Question 1

Making an adverb from an adjective

Answer 1

change ‘い’ to ‘く’ for i adjectives and use ‘に’ instead of ‘な’ for na adjectives

Question 2

to become (adjective)

Answer 2

i advectives- swap i for ku +なる

na adjectives- use ni instead of na +なる

Question 3

using multiple adjectives

Answer 3

i adjectives- swap i for くて

na adjectives- add で instead of na

Question 4

too much/excessively

Answer 4

verb stem +すぎる
i adjective without i +すぎる/すぎです
noun/na adj +すぎる
*note: ‘too good’ = よすぎる

Question 5

negative requests (please don’t~)

Answer 5

~ないで下さい

Question 6

admonishment/prohibition (you must not do~/it isn’t ok that~)

Answer 6

te form +はいけない・はいけません

Question 7

permission (you can/may~, it’s ok to~)

Answer 7

te form + もいいです

Question 8

hypothetical/incomplete action: ‘when (A), (B)’

Answer 8

plain present form of A (or noun + の） + 時（に）、B

Question 9

completed action: ‘when A, B’

Answer 9

plain past form A (or noun +だった）＋時（に）, B

A must be a completed action/an action that will hypothetically be completed before b happens

Question 10

intend to~

Answer 10

plain form ＋つもりです

Question 11

don’t intend to ~

Answer 11

plain form +つもりはない

plain negative form +つもりです

Question 12

plan to ~

Answer 12

plain form + よてい

Question 13

don’t have a plan to~

Answer 13

plain form + よていはない

Question 14

already, yet, now

Answer 14

もう + affirmative ending verb

Question 15

not anymore, not any longer

Answer 15

もう + negative ending verb

Question 16

still

Answer 16

まだ+ affirmative verb

Question 17

still not, not yet

Answer 17

まだ+negative verb

Question 18

can do ~

Answer 18

plain form + 事が出来る

Question 19

one is thinking of doing~

Answer 19

volitional form + と思う・と思っている

must use omotteiru when the subject is someone else, can use either when the subject is yourself

Question 20

…ago, …before

Answer 20

time/duration expression + 前（に）

Question 21

….later, ….after, in….

Answer 21

time/duration expression + 後（に）

Question 22

if~

Answer 22

(もし・もしも）～たら。。。

Question 23

to do ~ in advance

Answer 23

~ておく

Question 24

Expressing a completed action

Expressing regret over something unexpected/unintentional

Answer 24

~てしまう

Question 25

How about doing~?/ Why don’t you~?

Answer 25

～たらどうですか

Question 26

It’s better to~, should~

Answer 26

～たほうがいいです

Question 27

It’s better not to/ you shouldn’t~

Answer 27

～ないほうがいいです

Question 28

To give: me to someone else/ someone else to someone else (common, polite, casual)

Answer 28

あげる
さしあげる
やる

Question 29

to give: someone else to me/my inner circle (common, polite)

Answer 29

くれます

くださいます

Question 30

to receive

*don’t say ‘someone receives something from me’

Answer 30

もらいます

いただきます

Question 31

in order to/for/because of~

Answer 31

~ため（に）

Question 32

embedded question

Answer 32

Q+か・かどうか*

*‘whether or not’: only for y/n questions

Question 33

you must~

Answer 33

~なくては・なければ　いけない・ならない

Question 34

you don’t have to~

Answer 34

~なくてもいい

Question 35

I want ~

Answer 35

~がほしい

Question 36

someone wants~

Answer 36

～がほしがっている

Question 37

I want to~

Answer 37

～たい

Question 38

someone wants to~

Answer 38

~たがっている

Question 39

someone wants someone else to~

Answer 39

( Someone ) は ( someone else ) に ( て form ～ ) ほしい（と思う）

Question 40

The speaker does something and goes/leaves

Answer 40

～て行く

Question 41

Someone does something and comes toward the speaker

Answer 41

～て来る