Sentence Structure Flashcards
What is a phrase
A group of related words that lack a subject and/or a verb
Ex: behind the tree, to see each other
What is a clause
A group of related words containing a subject and a verb, but doesn’t always express a complete idea
Ex : If I die tomorrow, she drove home
What is a sentence
A group of words that ALWAYS expresses a complete idea. Minimum 1 subject + 1 verb
Ex : the students are taking notes
What is an independent clause
A group of words with 1 subject and a minimum of 1 verb that expresses a complete idea (can be a sentence)
Ex: the rain stopped, my mother lived in Australia and moved in 2011
What is a dependent clause
A group of words with 1 subject and 1 verb that doesn’t express a complete idea.
- introduced by:
-> subordinating conjunction (because, since, while…)
-> relative pronun (who, that, whom,which…)
Ex : As soon as I get home, If water freezes
Which type of sentence contains only 1 independent clause
Simple
What does a compound sentence contain?
Two or more independent clauses joined together by a connector (3 options)
What contains a complex sentence
An independent and a dependent clause joined together by a connector (2 options)
What contains a compound-complex sentence
At least 2 independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clause
What are the 3 options for the connectors of a compound sentence
1- coordinating conjunction
FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
2- semi-colon (;)
3- conjunctive adverbe (; ___,) -> (also, however, therefore, instead)
What are the 2 options of connectors for a complex sentence
1- subordinating conjunctions : if, because, when, since, for, after, as soon as, when…)
2- relative pronoms (who, that, which, whom)
What is the name of the sentence that has a «if»
Conditional
When do you have to put a comma (,) in a conditional sentence?
If the «if» clause comes FIRST in a sentence
Ex: If he calls, he leaves a message
What type of condition is zero conditional
Real in the present
If clause = simple present
Result = simple present
What type of condition is the first conditional
Likely in the future
If clause : simple present
Result : future
What type of condition is the second conditional
Unreal in the present
If clause : simple past / were
Result: would + base form of verb
What is the condition of a third conditional sentence
Unreal in the past
If clause : past perfect ( had __)
Result : would have + past participle
A conditional sentence is always which sentence structure
Always a complex sentence
- if clause = dependent clause
- result/main clause = independent clause
What sentence is that:
Although she was tired, Sarah stayed up late to finish her project, and she submitted it on time
Compound-complex
What type is
Joey loves music; he plays 6 different instruments
Compound
Thé médecine didn’t make him feel better; instead, it make him feel worse
Compound
I like to eat fish, but I don’t like to catch them
Compound
I was already in the hospital when he called me
Complex
When he called me, I was already in the hospital
Complex
