Sentence Patterns Flashcards
Clause
is a group of words that has a subject and a verb.
Independent Clause
is equivalent to complete sentence.
Adjective Clause
is a group of words that has a subject and verb and begins with a relative pronoun: who, whom, whose, which, that
an adjective clause functions as an adjective to describe a noun or pronoun.
Adjective Clause: Nonrestrictive
a nonrestrictive clause is a clause non essential to understand the meaning of a sentence.
requires a coma.
Adjective Clause: Restrictive
a restrictive clause is essential to understand the meaning of the sentence.
that is always restrictive.
Adverb Clause
is a group of words that has a subject and verb and begins with a subordinating conjunction: after, although, as, as if, as long as, as though, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order that, provided that, since, so that, then, than, through, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while.
describes/modifies a verb, adjective, or an adverb
Noun Clause
is a group of words that has a subject and a verb and acts as a noun in a sentence by functioning as a subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition.
begins with that, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, what, whatever, when, where, whether, how, or it.
Prepositional Phrase
begins with a preposition and ends with a object which is either a noun or pronoun.
most common prepositions: for, at, under, about, by, for now, to, during
Participial Phrase
is a group of words that begins with a verb that ends in “ing” or “ed” and functions as an adjective.
Absolute Phrase
is a group of words that begin with a participle that has a noun or pronoun before it.
Appositive Phrase
is a group of words that contains a noun or pronoun that renames or identifies another noun or pronoun in a sentence.
Infinitive Phrase
is a group of words that begins with the word “to” followed by a verb.
DO NOT SPLIT
Gerund Phrase
is a group of words that begins with a verb that ends in “ing” and acts as a noun. Gerunds can function in one of the following ways: subject of a sentence, direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative, object of a preposition, or appositive.
subject of a sentence: usually begins a sentence. D.O: always comes after the AV. I.O: always comes before the D.O but after the AV. Obj of Prep: comes after a preposition.
Elliptical Clause
a group of words in a sentence where at least one word is implied.
this implied word is usually a verb or the subject.
Compounding
consists of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction: FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
if a complete sentence does not come after the coordinating conjunction, then no comma is needed before the coordinating conjunction.
