Sentence Particles Flashcards
What is prepose for “me”?
Ako
What is postpone for “me”?
Ko
Og
Direct object marker (non-specific)
Man
Indicates that the information is unknown to the listener or speaker. Shows curiosity.For example, Kumusta man.
Nga
Linking particle. For example, Maayo nga buntag - good morning
Maayo”ng” buntag
eclectic particle. Similar to the linking particle nga but it is attached to the word directly
What is the sentence structure for a regular verbal cebuano sentence?
VSO or VOS - the verb is always in the front
Typically, how do you make a verb past tense?
N-prefix + verb
Typically, how do you make a verb future tense?
M-prefix + verb
Si
Subject marker for proper nouns
Sa (4)
Directional marker, location marker, specific direct object, and ownership
What are typical past tense prefixes?
Mi / Ming or Ni / Ning
What is the cebuano sentence structure for non-verbal sentences?
O-S / Object Subject
Ni
Object marker for a proper noun
Ang
Subject marker for a common noun
When can there be 2 subjects in one sentence?
There can be 2 subjects in a sentence if the 2 subjects are the same person
What is the cebuano sentence structure for an irregular sentence?
S-V-O. The subject is first in the sentence. This form is used when you want to emphasize the subject
Kay
Separator for subject and object in an irregular form
Mga
Particle for plurality for common nouns
placed directly before the noun
Different meanings of “sa parke”
In the park
by the park
at the park
near the park
on the park
Nila
Plural form of “Ni” which is the object marker for proper nouns
sa mga anak
near the children
to the children
from the children
for children
What is the possessive sentence structure for people/proper noun?
(mga +) common noun [what is being possessed] + ni/(nila) + proper noun (possessor/owner)
Sila
Plural form of “Si” a subject marker for proper nouns
What is the possessive sentence structure for common nouns?
common noun (possessed object) + sa + common noun (possessor/owner)
When you have 2 syllable words what is the likely pronunciations?
It is 60% likely that the pronunciation for the first syllable is a long vowel
When you have 3 syllable words what is the likely pronunciations?
It is 80% likely that the pronunciation for the second syllable is a long vowel and the rest are regular vowel
When you have a 4 syllable word what is the likely pronunciations?
It is 50% likely that the pronunciation of the third syllable is a long vowel and the rest are regular vowels
Dili
This word is used for negating adjectives, nouns, and future verbs
Wala
This word is used for negating past verbs and existence of something
Ayaw
This word is used for negating imperatives like commands, orders, requests, suggestions
Ba!
Tag attitudinal particle trying to convince someone but not trying super hard
kind of like saying “right?”
ba as a question is like a confirming question
Gyud
Tag attitudinal particle trying to convince someone really hard
Uy
Tag attitudinal for indicating a protest or strong disagreement
What is the one rule for nouns when using nga to describe something?
If there are multiple nouns the nouns must be equal
for example:
dako nga tawo ang anak ni lara -> tawo = anak
What is another purpose of nga in a sentence
Nga as conjunction - to connect additional information to a noun phrase
for example:
buotan ang babaye nga taas ang buhok
The additional information with nga is describing more information of the babaye
When contracting nga with the preceding word what rules apply?
nga can be contracted with -
- vowels
- semi vowels - y, w
- n / ng
nga can not be contracted with any consonants other than n/ng
