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Sentence Correction > Sentence Corrections > Flashcards

Sentence Corrections Flashcards

1
Q

Comparison/contrast markers

A subset of parallelism

A

Have to compare/contrast two elements that are the same type of things. Eg people to people, animal to animal, etc

Pronoun vs pronoun
Pronoun vs that of…

  1. Like - Placement can be in the beginning or the middle
  2. Unlike- Same placement as like
  3. As
  4. Than
    5 As… As
  5. Different from
  6. In contrast to
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2
Q

Although

A

Contrast/comparison

Also a subordinating conjunction

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3
Q

Yet

A

Contrast/Comparison

Also a coordinating conjunction. Part of the fanboys club!

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4
Q

Countable vs uncountable modifiers

A

Try to count out the noun!!

Countable modifiers
Many
Few
Fewer
Fewest
Number
Numerous
Unaccountable
Great
Amount
Much
Least
Less
Little
Can be used for plural countable nouns and singular uncountable nouns
More
Enough
Most
All

Unit nouns represent UNCOUNTABLE QUANTITIES. Eg dollars, gallons

Countable quantities doesn’t have plurals?!?

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5
Q

Including vs Like vs As

A

Including is introducing examples.

Like is indicating similarities between two or more things
Like is used to compare nouns, pronouns or noun phrases. Cannot put a clause or prepositional phrase after like!!
Cannot be used to introduce examples!!! Need to use such as instead

As can be used to compare two clauses

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6
Q

Five must know grammar terms

A
  1. Clause - Independent vs Dependent
  2. Modifiers
  3. Sentence Core
  4. Conjunction
  5. Marker
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7
Q

Independent clause

A

Subject and working verb.

Who did what?

Complete sentence requires one independent clause

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8
Q

Modifier

A

Provides additional info in a sentence

Answers the questions who, what, when, where, which, why

Should not lead to ambiguity or illogical meaning!

Eg Adjective like large, small, happy

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9
Q

Modifier

That vs Which

A

That - Essential modifier

Which - Nonessential modifier. If you remove it the sentence would still make sense

They are noun modifiers

Essential modifiers trump non essential and comes before it

For non essential modifiers, putting both right after each other can be awkward and incorrect. Usually break it up with a core phrase

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10
Q

Sentence core

A

Independent clauses and essential modifiers

Does not include nonessential modifiers

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11
Q

Conjunction

A

Combine sentences together

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12
Q

Coordinating conjunctions

A

Combine two independent clauses together. Can be used with a comma

FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SO
FANBOYS

5 three
2 two

FOR is a conjunction AND preposition

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13
Q

Subordinating conjunctions

A

Connect modifiers to independent clauses

ALTHOUGH
BECAUSE
BEFORE
AFTER

THOUGH
UNLESS
WHILE
IF

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14
Q

Meaning errors

A
  1. Choose
  2. Place
  3. Match
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15
Q

Meaning error

Known as vs Known to be

A

Named vs acknowledge as

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16
Q

Helping verbs

A

The following verbs can impact the meaning of a sentence dramatically:

May
Will
Must - Absolutely necessary
Should - Moral obligation, NOT likelihood

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17
Q

Only, all

A

Place of words.

Watch for words that quantify nouns or otherwise restrict meaning. This can definitely alter the meaning of a sentence!!

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18
Q

Compose

A

Relate parts to whole

When the part of the subject the verb has to be active

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19
Q

Two things vs Three or more things

A 
Two is:
Between
Better
Worse
More
Less
Three or more is:
Among
Best
Worst
Most
Least
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20
Q

Working verb

A

Verb that can run a sentence by itself

Express action of a sentence

NEVER end in -ing

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21
Q

Participles

A

Present
Always end in -ing and can be used as a:
1. Verb - Must have another verb immediately before it. For example is playing
2. Noun
3. Noun modifier
4. Verb modifier - Have comma and then the participle word

Indicates ongoing action, though not necessarily in the present

Past
Most commonly end in -ed, although there are irregular ones. For example swim, swam, swum. Swum would be the past participle

Cannot function as a noun

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22
Q

Preposition

A

Indicates relationship between the object and something else in the sentence. Can consist of more than one word

Usually close to a noun or noun phrase

Can also be a noun modifier!!!

In

For
On
Of
To

From
At
By

With
Upon

3 four
1 three
6 two

23
Q

Compound subject

A

Must be connected by the word and - Is plural

24
Q

Compound verb

A

Two or more verbs that all point to the same subject

25
Q

Dependent clause

A

Begins with connecting words such as who, which, because, cannot stand on their own

26
Q

That

A

Can be an essential modifier
When is occurs directly after a working verb, it acts as a reset button and a new subject verb object structure will follow

That indicates more info is coming

27
Q

Run on sentence

A

Connecting two independent clauses via a comma is incorrect!!

28
Q

Semicolon

A

Can also be used to connect two sentences. These two sentences must be independent clauses

Not part of the FANBOYS club.

Nonetheless, However, Therefore, In addition

29
Q

Transition expression

A

Therefore, however, in addition, nevertheless. Not true conjunctions. Must be used with semi colons

Basically anything that is NOT part of FANBOYS

30
Q

So… that

A

Correct idiom

Eg so brutal that

31
Q

Chapter 2: Gramma and Meaning

A

Gramma - Five key grammar sections

Meaning - CPM

32
Q

Chapter 3: Sentence structure

A
  1. Subject and working verb must both exist
  2. S and WV must agree in number
  3. Eliminate the middlemen!
  4. Use of conjunctions
  5. Use of semicolons
33
Q

Common noun vs pronoun vs proper noun

A

Common noun - Identifies class of people, places and things. Eg city, chair, peasants

Pronoun - I, She, He, They

Proper noun - Names of specific nouns, such as Karen, Japan, Quantium

34
Q

Modifiers - Adjectives vs adverbs

A

Both are one word modifiers

Adjectives - Only modify a noun or pronoun

Adverbs - Anything but a noun or pronoun, such as verbs, adjectives, prepositional phrases, even entire clauses
Usually ends with - ly

35
Q

Common adjectives/adverbs that pop in GMAT

A

10 words

Corresponding
Frequent
Independent
Rare
Recent
Seeming
Separate
Significant 
Supposed 
Usual

Karen is corresponding frequently with Calvin, despite being an independent person. She recently went to Hurricanes and got a rare steak. It was seemingly good. She had to eat separately because her significant other didn’t like her face. Supposedly she also didn’t like his face, and was back to her usual hangry self

36
Q

Instead of …

A

Be suspicious about it!!!

In the GMAT it is usually
considered to be too casual

Can use Compared to and Rather than instead

37
Q

Noun modifiers

A

Place the noun and its modifier as close to each other as possible!

The modifiers can be beyond just one word

Sometimes a modifier can be separated from the noun by another modifier

38
Q

With… noun and participle

A

GMAT DOESNT LIKE THIS AT ALL

Eg with Karen’s pants dropping

39
Q

Just as…

A

So….

Idiom

40
Q

Tenses (Hint there are three main ones)

A

Need to update

41
Q

Noun modifier markers - Relative pronouns

A

The seven wonders

Whom - Must modify people. Sometimes follow for
Who - Must modify people
Whose - Can modify things or people
Which - Sometimes follow through . MUST refer to a noun!!!
Where - Modify noun place, but can’t modify metaphoric place. In this case use in which
When - Modify noun event or time. Can also use in which

THAT - The only one without W. Can sometimes significantly other structures besides noun modifiers.
> Follows noun immediately = Noun modifier
> Follows verb immediately = More complex structure. Acts as an essential modifier

42
Q

Noun modifier markers - Prepositions and participles

A

Remember I FOOT FAB W and also the different participles

For participle modifiers, note that the first sentence instigated the action, and the second sentence is the result

43
Q

Adverbial modifiers

A

Modify verbs and adverbs

  1. Adverbs
  2. Prepositional phrases
  3. Present participle with commas
  4. Past participle with commas

Does not have the same placement restraints as noun modifiers

Answers questions such as how, when, where, why an action has occurred

44
Q

The word NUMBERS

A

Use GREATER THAN, not MORE THAN

45
Q

Gerund

A

Verb that acts like a noun

Ends with -ing. Can be confused with present participle. BE CAREFUL!!!

46
Q

Verb form to be

A

Can include is, are, am, etc

Avoid relative clauses!!! Simplify use simple noun modifiers. Reduces wordiness

47
Q

Infinitive verb

A

To….basic verb

Indicates a purpose!!!

Eg To sleep, to walk
Can act as either a noun or as a modifier in the sentence

Sometimes does not need the to
The verb has to be basic. Eg to sleeping is not an infinitive verb

48
Q

Linking verb

A

Describe what a subject is or what condition the subject is in.

Another parallelism marker!!!

To be verbs such as is, are, was, were, am, been, be, being

Appear, become, turn, taste, etc

49
Q

Root phrase

A

Portion before the list starts

You should be able to plug in the lists into the root phrase

50
Q

Parallelism marks

A

The story is I am apply for Bachelor of Analytics (Both… And) for FULL TIME (From… To). There are a lot of people with EGO WITHOUT THE GOODS (Either Or). I would also prefer NBA WITHOUT THE ASSHOLES (Not… But). Therefore I say NO TO BA (Not only… But also)

Open - Two FANBOYS and another is RIGHT TRIANGLE

  1. AND - Two or three
  2. OR - Two
  3. RATHER THAN - Two

Closed

  1. Both…And
  2. Either…Or
  3. Not…But
  4. Not only…But also
  5. From…To
51
Q

AND

A

Elements that can be in parallel:

Noun with noun
Action noun with action noun
Gerund with gerund
Gerund with action noun

Working verbs can be paired in different tenses
Can also pair present and past participles

52
Q

Comparative and superlative

A

Two things - Comparative form.
Eg quicker, faster, shorter, more interesting
Never use the comparative form without using THAN

Three things or more - Superlative form
Eg quickest, fastest, shortest, most interesting

For adverbs ending in -Ly, use more rather than the word ending in -er. Eg if quickly is used, used more quickly

For adverbs that doesn’t end in -Ly, -er is fine

53
Q

Both to vs to both

A

Both to X and to Y - Parralleim

To both X and Y

54
Q

Due to

A

Due is adjective and has to modify a noun! Cannot modifiers actions

Sentence Correction (1 decks)

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