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GMAT > Sentence Correction > Flashcards

Sentence Correction Flashcards

0
Q

Absolutely necessary- must

Morally obliged - should

A

The court ruled the plantiff MUST pay full damages

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1
Q

Helping verbs

A

May, will, must, should

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2
Q

Only and all quantify nouns or otherwise restrict meaning

A

ALL children are covered in mud.
The children are ALL covered in mud.
ONLY the council votes on Thursdays
The council votes ONLY on Thursdays

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3
Q

Avoid redundancy

Past

A

Previously
Formerly
In the past
Before now

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4
Q

Avoid redundancy

Present

A

Now
Currently
Presently
At present

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5
Q

Avoid redundancy

Yearly

A

Annual
Each year
A year (eg three launches a year)

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6
Q

Cousin words with distinct meaning

Aggravate - worsen

A

Aggravating - irritating

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7
Q

Cousin words with distinct meaning

Known as- named

A

Known to be- acknowledged as

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8
Q

Cousin words with distinct meaning

Loss of- no longer in possession of

A

Loss in- decline in value

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9
Q

Cousin words with distinct meaning

Mandate- command

A

Have a mandate- have authority from voters

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10
Q

Cousin words with distinct meaning

Native of - person from

A

Native to- species that originated in

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11
Q

Cousin words with distinct meaning

Range of - variety of

A

Ranging - varying

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12
Q

Cousin words with distinct meaning

Rate of- speed or frequency of

A

Rates for- prices for

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13
Q

Cousin words with distinct meaning

Rise- general increase

A

Raise- a bet or salary increase in American English

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14
Q

Cousin words with distinct meaning

Try to do - seek to accomplish

A

Try doing - experiment with

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15
Q

Past participle- the participle used in perfect tenses and passive voice. A past participle may also be used as an adjective. Past participles tend to indicate completed action, although not necessarily in the past (relative to now)

A

The tires will be PUNCTURED. They have BROKEN the lamp. A FROZEN lake. Regular past participles are formed by adding -d or -ed to the base of the verb.

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16
Q

Past participle- the participle used in perfect tenses and passive voice. A past participle may also be used as an adjective. Past participles tend to indicate completed action, although not necessarily in the past (relative to now)

A

Many irregular past participles are listed below, together with irregulat past- tense forms. Sometimes the past-tense form and the past participle are identical.
Lead- base form
Led -past tense
Led-past participle

17
Q

Connecting word.
Also known as SUBORDINATORS because they turn the vlauses they are attached to into a SUBORDINATE CLAUSES, which cannot stand by themselves

A

Because and which

18
Q

Prepositional phrase
Eliminate the middlemen, and skip the warmup. They modify or describe other parts of the sentence. Thus you can eliminate them to find the subject

A 
OF mice
IN Guam
TO the store
FOR milk
WITH her
ON their orders
BY 1800
AT that level
FROM the office
19
Q

Preposition- a word that indicates a relationship between the obect (usually a noun) and something else in the sentence. In some cases, prepositions can consist of more than one word

A

Of. in to for with on by at from as into about like after between through over against under out of. Next to. Upon

20
Q

Subordinate clause. They do not contain the main sibject or verb, they are frequently used as middlemen and warmups

A

Begin with connecting words such as WHO or WHICH

21
Q

Present and past participles

Other modifiers

A

Present -ing forms derived from verbs

Past -ed smd -en forms derived from verbs

22
Q

A noun in a prepositional phrase cannot be the subject of the sentence

A

Use structure to decide

23
Q

And vs additive

And - are. Both plural

A

The word AND can unite two or more singular subjects, forming a compound plural subject.

24
Q

And vs additive.
Additive phrases do not form compound subjects. Rather they function as modifiers and cannot change the number of the subject

A 
Additive phrases do NOT form compound subjects. 
Along with
Accompanied by 
In addition
Together with
As well as 
Including
25
Q

Or, either. . . Or, neither . . . Nor

If one noun is singular and the other is plural, what verb form should be used?

A

Find the noun NEAREST to the verb, and make sure the verb agrees in number with this noun.
Neither the coach nor the players ARE going to the beach

26
Q

And vs additive

A

Note that when the words EITHER or NEITHER are in a sentence alone (without OR or NOR) they are considered singular

27
Q

Collective nouns: almost always singular
Usually does not end with an -s

The CROWD IS cheering
Our ARMY IS attacking

A

People- agency army audience committee crowd orchestra team

Items- baggage citrus equipment fleet fruit furniture

28
Q

Indefinite pronouns. Usually singular
End in -one, -body, -thing
Pronouns are words that replace other nouns

A

Anyone, anybody, anything

No one, nobody, nothing

29
Q

Indefinite pronoun- not specific about the thing it refers

Usually singular

A

Anyone

30
Q

Indefinite pronoun that can be either singular or plural

S A N A M

A 
Some
Any
None
All
More / Most
31
Q

Not one is ALWAYS singular

A

NOT ONE of my friends IS here this weekend

32
Q

With SANAM pronouns the noun object of the OF PHRASE can help you determine the number of the subject

A

Right- Some of the money WAS stolen

Right- Some of the documents WERE stolen

33
Q

Each and every: singular senations if BEFORE NOUN

If each is AFTER NOUN, no bearing on verb

A

Right: Every dog and cat HAS paws- singular

Right- They EACH ARE great tennis players- plural

34
Q

Quantity word or phrases. Same as SANAM. The noun in the OF prepositional phrase will indicate whether the verb is singular or plural

A

The majority of the students are hard workers.

35
Q

The number is singular

The number of hardworking students in this class IS quite large

A

A number is plural

A number of students in this class are hardworkers

36
Q

The words majority, minority, and plurality are either singular or plural depending on their context.

A

The majority of the students are hard workers.

In the Senate, the majority is a unified voting block

37
Q

Half of the PIE (subject) is blueberry, and half of the SLICES (plural sub) ARE already gone.

A

Fractions and percents can be both plural or singular. Depends on the “of prepositional phrase”

38
Q

Subject phrases and clauses. Always singular

A

Having good friends IS a wonderful thing. Don’t use plural friends

Whatever (singular) they want to do IS fine with me.

39
Q

Lists with and

A

You should flip lists so that the longest item is last, if possible

GMAT (4 decks)

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