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Sensory system fill in the blanks > Sensory systems - fill in the blanks > Flashcards

Sensory systems - fill in the blanks Flashcards

1
Q

Sweet, bitter and _________ tastes are detected by G-protein coupled receptors.

A

Umami

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2
Q

The G-protein signalling cascade of gustation employs ___________________ as an
effector enzyme

A

Phospholipase C

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3
Q

The second messenger for olfactory reception is ___________.

A

cAMP

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4
Q

Axons from olfactory sensory cells expressing the same receptor protein converge on
a single ________________ in each hemisphere of the olfactory bulb

A

Glomerulus

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5
Q

Hyperopia occurs when the depth of the eye is too ________.

A

Small

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5
Q

The acuity of compound eyes is limited by the number of ______________,

A

Ommatidia

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5
Q

Animals show innate cravings for salt, sweet and ________ tastes.

A

Umami

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6
Q

In mammals the circadian clock is located in the ___________________.

A

Hypothalamus or SCN

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7
Q

___________ lose all photosensitivity when their eyes are lost.

A

Mammals

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8
Q

In new world monkeys, red:green colour discrimination is restricted to a subset of
___________.

A

Females

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9
Q

Within the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), parvocellular neurons are known for
high ___________ acuity.

A

Spatial

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10
Q

The two types of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) cells that contribute to colour
vision are parvocellular and _________________ neurons.

A

Koniocellular

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11
Q

Cells of the perigeniculate nucleus provide _____________ inhibition to the lateral
geniculate nucleus (LGN).

A

Feedback

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12
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) cells receiving input from the fovea have
____________ receptive fields than those receiving input from the periphery.

A

Smaller

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13
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) relay cells use _____________ as a
neurotransmitter.

A

Glutamate

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14
Q

The middle ear consists of three small bones, the malleus, incus and ________.

A

Stapes

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15
Q

When the ion channels on auditory hair cell stereocilia open it causes an influx of
_ ions into the cell.

A

Potassium

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16
Q

The ______ test makes use of a tuning fork to provide a quick and easy way to check
for conductive hearing loss.

A

Rinne

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17
Q

For low frequency sound (e.g. 200Hz) the frequency is coded due to -
____________ within spiral ganglion neurons.

A

Phase-locking

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18
Q

For high frequency sound (e.g. 5,000Hz) the frequency is coded by tonotopy whilst
intensity is coded by the ____________ firing of spiral ganglion neurons.

A

Increased

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19
Q

Barrels in the ________ _________________ cortex are located in layer IV.

A

Primary Somatosensory

20
Q

The reason why we can see ‘barrels’ in Nissl-stained sections of mouse primary
somatosensory cortex is due to variations in ______ ______ _________.

A

Cell Body Density

21
Q

_____________ means physiological response to real, or potential, tissue damage
whereas pain means unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with
real or potential tissue damage.

A

Nociception

22
Q

The type of peripheral nerve ending most specifically associated with nociception is
the ______ ________ __________.

A

Free Nerve Ending

23
Q

Hyperalgesia means enhanced pain in response to noxious stimuli, whereas
____________ means pain in response to non-noxious stimulus.

A

Allodynia

24
Q

Vision starts with photoisomerization of retinal from its 11-cis to __________
configuration.

A

All-Trans

25
Q

In the dark, photoreceptors have a dark current in which leakage of potassium ions
in the cell body is balanced by inward flow of _____________ through open
channels in the outer segment to keep the cell relatively depolarised.

A

Cations/Sodium/Calcium

26
Q

______ bipolar cells employ a metabotropic (G-protein coupled receptor) glutamate
receptor.

A

ON

27
Q

___________ cells link cone photoreceptors to their neighbours

A

Horizontal

28
Q

Red and green cone photoreceptors express different _______ proteins.

A

Opsin

29
Q

Bilateral damage to area MT (V5) can result in ________ agnosia.

A

Motion

30
Q

The dorsal or parietal stream is often known as the _______ pathway.

A

Where

31
Q

The arrangement where responses of lateral intraparietal cortex cells are modulated
by eye position is called a ________ field.

A

Gain

32
Q

The inability to recognise faces is known as _______________.

A

Prosopagnosia

32
Q

A blind or partially blind spot in the visual field is known as a __________.

A

Scotoma

33
Q

The direction from which low frequency (e.g. 500Hz) sound originates is processed in
the medial superior olive based on the interaural _________ difference.

A

Timing

34
Q

When sound arrives at the head from the far right, sound waves enter the right ear
___ milliseconds before entering the left ear.

A

0.6

35
Q

The central nucleus of the __________ ____________ is the region of the brain that
integrates horizontal and vertical information to generate a 3D map of sound.

A

Inferior Colliculus

36
Q

The anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) sends sound information via spherical
bushy cells to the ipsilateral medial superior olive (MSO) and __________ bushy cells
to the contralateral MSO.

A

Globular

37
Q

The nucleus of the thalamus most closely associated the trigeminal somatosensory
system is the __________________ __________ nucleus.

A

Ventroposterior medial

38
Q

The direction of sound in the vertical plane is first processed in the ________ cochlear
nucleus

A

Dorsal

39
Q

In the somatosensory system, a major ascending fibre tract known as the ________
____________ conveys signals from the brainstem to the thalamus.

A

Medial Lemniscus

40
Q

Cell bodies of mechanoreceptors that innervate the body (but not the head) are
located in the _________ ______ _____________.

A

Dorsal root ganglion

41
Q

The dorsal column nuclei receive their major ascending projection from the _______
_______.

A

Spinal Cord

41
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex is located on the ____________ gyrus.

A

Postcentral

42
Q

After amputation of a finger, the representation of neighbouring fingers in primary
somatosensory cortex changes such that receptive fields become __________.

A

Smaller

43
Q

When a female rat ceases to suckle her pups, the part of primary somatosensory
cortex that represents the mammary glands is likely to change such that receptive
fields become larger and magnification factor becomes __________.

A

Smaller

44
Q

Experiments on monkeys suggest that, after amputation of an arm, there is a
substantial expansion in the part of somatosensory cortex that represents the _____.

A

Face

44
Q

The phenomenon whereby, after an amputation, the amputee continues to feel the
missing limb as still present is known as a __________ _______.

A

Phantom Limb

45
Q

After amputation of an arm, it can happen that the amputee feels touch sensation on
their missing fingers when other (intact) parts of the body are touched. These are
known as ___________ sensations.

A

Referred

Sensory system fill in the blanks (1 decks)

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