Sensory System Lecture 11

Question 1

Hearing

Answer 1

aviation transaction of sound waves into action potentials

parts

• outer ear: ( sound waves vibrate against ear drum
• middle ear ( amplify the sound wave, vibrates against oval window
• inner ear ( causes vibrating waves in the endolymph fluid of the cochlear canal.

Question 2

tympanic membrane

Answer 2

sound waves strike the membrane (ear drum) causing it to vibrate

Question 3

oval window

Answer 3

waves are generated and vibrations are passed on to the fluid in the cochlea

Question 4

Basilar membrane

Answer 4

separated the cochlea into the scala media–> binds the stercilia which causes the opening and closing of potassium channels

Question 5

tectorial membrane

Answer 5

membrane in the origin of corti in which the tips of sterocilla are embedded.

Question 6

endolymph

Answer 6

fluid found in the scala media of the cochlea in the inner ear

Question 7

organ od corti

Answer 7

( in the cochlea of the middle ear ( where sound vibrations occur) sensory organ for sound

contains

• hair cells
• supporting cells
• tectorial membrane

Question 8

hair cells

Answer 8

bending of sterocilia opens mechanically gated K+ channels.

Question 9

coding of sound

Answer 9

coding of sound frequency= based on the location of hair cells

• for louder sounds: is determined by the degree of binding of the sterocilia
• pitch (frequency)= is determined by the location of hair cells in cochlea

Question 10

McGurk effect

Answer 10

perceptual phenomenon

we interpret speech using both our visual system and our auditory system

Question 11

Vestibular system

Answer 11

consists of semicircular canels, the utricle, the saccule

Question 12

what is the function of the vestibular system

Answer 12

is the sensory apparatus of the inner ear that helps the body maintain its postural equilibrium.

Question 13

parts of the vestibular system and their function

Answer 13

consists of 3 semicircular cancels - detects rotational acceleration (head rotation)

Urticle/ Saccule: detects linear rotation

Question 14

Urticle

Answer 14

detects acceleration forward/ backward

Question 15

saccule

Answer 15

detects acceleration up/down

Question 16

types of receptors in the vestibular system

Answer 16

contains hair cells with stercolica that bend with acceleration of the heard
(located in the ampulla)

Question 17

how does the brain receive info from the vestibular system

Answer 17

Vestibular information is transmitted to the Vesitbular nuclei of the brain stem. which communications of the thalamus and the cortex for perception of equilibrium

• also vestibular nuclei also communicates with cerebellum for maintaining balance.

Question 18

what are the 5 taste buds we can detect

Answer 18

• salty/ sour = ion channels

- sweet/ bitter/ umani = g- protein receptors

Question 19

Sour

Answer 19

caused by the presence of acid

• H+ though ion channels–> depolarizes–> opens K+ channels —> releases neurotransmitters

Question 20

Salty

Answer 20

are caused by sodium ions

Na+ inters the cell—> depolarizes—> voltage gated Ca+ channels open –> release neurotransmitters

Question 21

Sweet

Answer 21

presence of organic molecules (sugars)

g protein –> closes K+ channels—> neurotransmitters is released

Question 22

umani

Answer 22

G protein = (Glumate receptor)

binds to g protein–> depolarized it—> closes K+ channels–> neurotransmitters is released

Question 23

bitter

Answer 23

G- protein = (gustductin )

Ca + released from endoplasmic retriculum –> neurotransmitters is released