Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information

Question 1

How do we feel the sensation?

Answer 1

We see > Sensory input (afferent)>integration> motor output> the effector.

Question 2

What is converted into action potentials?

Answer 2

sensory receptors are transducers that convert various forms of energy.

Question 3

What is an adequate stimulus?

Answer 3

The particular form of energy to which a receptor is most sensitive.

Question 4

Sensory Receptors can be subdivided into 5 receptors, what are they?

Answer 4

1) Mechanoreceptors.
2) Thermoreceptors.
3) Nociceptors.
4) Electromagnetic receptors
5) Chemoreceptors

Question 5

Mechanoreceptors are what type of receptors?

Answer 5

Pacinian corpuscle

Hair cell

Question 6

Thermoreceptors are what type of receptors?

Answer 6

Cold/warm receptors

Question 7

Nociceptors are what type of receptor?

Answer 7

Pain: Nociceptor

Question 8

Electromagnetic receptors are what type of receptors?

Answer 8

Rods and Cones

Question 9

Chemoreceptors are what type of receptors?

Answer 9

Olfactory receptor taste buds

Question 10

Even though we feel sensations nerve fibers only transmit what?

Answer 10

Impulses

Question 11

When we apply pressure we generate depolarization in the receptor and it is called what?

Answer 11

generator potential or receptor potential

Question 12

What are the four mechanisms of change receptor potential?

Answer 12

1. Mechanical deformation
2. Application of a chemical to the membrane
3. Temperature change
4. Effects of electromagneti radiaFon

Question 13

Change in membrane permeability of the receptor, allows what?

Answer 13

ions to diffuse through membrane-change the transmembrane poten9al (100 millivolts)

Question 14

if stimulus to the receptor is sub threshold then what occurs?

Answer 14

no action potential is generated in sensory nerve fiber

Question 15

What is a receptor potential?

Answer 15

In the Receptor
Graded
Doesn’t obey all or none rule Can be summated
Unpropagate

Question 16

What is action potential?

Answer 16

In the Sensory Nerve fiber
Not Graded
Obeys all or non rule
not summated
propagated

Question 17

What is called when receptors exhibit adaptation?

Answer 17

When stimulus of constant strength is applied to a receptor, some receptors can diminish the extent of their depolarization in spite of sustained stimulus

Question 18

What is Rapidly Adapting?

Answer 18

pacinian corpuscle, Meissners corpuscle.

Question 19

What is slowly or non adapting?

Answer 19

Nociceptors, muscle spindles.

Question 20

What is a PHASIC receptor?

Answer 20

Rapidly adapting receptors detect change in stimulus strength

Question 21

What is a TONIC receptor?

Answer 21

Slowly adapting receptors detect continuous stimulus

Question 22

Type A fibers are what?

Answer 22

large myelinated spinal nerve fibers

Question 23

Type C fibers are what?

Answer 23

are small unmyelinated sensory fibers in PNS –e.g. slow pain & temperature

Question 24

Weak stimulus activates receptors with what?

Answer 24

Lowest Threshold

Question 25

Strong stimulus activates those receptors also which have what?

Answer 25

High Threshold

Question 26

What are the two types of summations?

Answer 26

Spatial summation and temporal summation.

Question 27

What is spacial summation?

Answer 27

1. Simultaneous stimulation by several presynaptic neurons.
2. EPSPs spread from several synapses to axon hillock.
3. Postsynaptic neuron fires.

Question 28

What is temporal summation?

Answer 28

1. High frequency stimulation by one presynaptic neuron.
2. EPSPs spread from one synapse to axon hillock.
3. Postsynaptic neuron fires.