Sensory Perception

Question 1

retinal disparity

Answer 1

• it involves the use of both eyes and refers to the difference between the view that each eye receives of a given object or scene
• Perceives depth

Question 2

convergence

Answer 2

-degree to which your eyes rotate inwards to focus on the object

Question 3

Binocular convergence: far objects

Answer 3

eye muscles are relaxed

Question 4

Binocular convergence: close objects

Answer 4

eye muscles contract

Question 5

binocular cues gives humans a sense of _____

Answer 5

depth perception

Question 6

monocular cues gives humans a sense of ____

Answer 6

form and motion, constancy perception

Question 7

interposition

Answer 7

monocular cue that the one object is in front of another object. Object in front is closer

Question 8

relative height

Answer 8

things that are higher perceived to be farther away from things that are lower

Question 9

motion parallax

Answer 9

monocular cues where object that are farther moves slower and objects closer move faster

Question 10

Define constancy and the three types

Answer 10

perception of object doesn’t change even if the image casted on the retina is different
-shape constancy, size constancy, colour constancy

Question 11

Sensory adaptation

Answer 11

when our senses are adaptable and they can change their sensitivity to stimuli

Question 12

Proprioception

Answer 12

sense of position of the body in space;

Question 13

down regulation of light

Answer 13

-when its too bright outside, the pupils constrict, allowing less light to enter the eyes and causes desensitization of rods/cones

Question 14

up regulation of light

Answer 14

-when its too dark outside, the pupils dilate, allowing more light to enter and rods/cones start to sensitize light sensitive molecules

Question 15

just noticeable difference (JND)

Answer 15

threshold at which you are able to notice any changes in difference between two weights

Question 16

absolute threshold of sensation

Answer 16

minimum intensity of stimulus needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Question 17

subliminal stimuli

Answer 17

stimuli below the absolute threshold of sensation

Question 18

somatosensation

Answer 18

refers to the process that conveys information regarding the body surface and its interaction with the environment

Question 19

non-adapting neuron

Answer 19

-Neuron constantly fires at a consistent rate

Question 20

Slow-adapting neuron

Answer 20

-Neuron fires in the beginning of stimulus and calms down after a while

Question 21

Fast-adapting neuron

Answer 21

-Neuron fires in the beginning of the stimulus and stops firing. It again starts to fire once the stimulus is about to stop.

Question 22

vestibular system

Answer 22

important for balance and spatial orientation

Question 23

what are otolithic organs and what do they help us in?

Answer 23

Utricle and saccule; helps us in detecting linear acceleration and head positioning

Question 24

Semicircular canals

Answer 24

Helps to detect which direction your head is rotating

Question 25

signal detection theory

Answer 25

how are we making decisions in recalling a stimulus under conditions of uncertainty

Question 26

conservative strategy

Answer 26

always say no unless 100% sure signal is present (side effect: may result in some misses)

Question 27

liberal strategy

Answer 27

always say yes, even if you get false alarms

Question 28

Bottom up processing

Answer 28

Begins with stimulus; influences what we perceive

-Inductive reasoning

Question 29

Top down processing

Answer 29

uses background knowledge influences perception

-Deductive reasoning

Question 30

Pragnanz law

Answer 30

“law of good figure”; reality is reduced to simplest form possible (i.e. Olympic Rings are seen as simple circles)

Question 31

Law of closure

Answer 31

objects are grouped together are seen as a whole. Mind fills in the missing information

Question 32

law of symmetry

Answer 32

mind perceives the object as being symmetrical and forming around a centre point.

Question 33

law of common fate

Answer 33

states that humans perceive visual elements that move in the same speed and/or direction as parts of a single stimulus

Question 34

law of past experiences

Answer 34

under some circumstances, visual stimuli are categorized according to past experiences. if two objects are more likely to be observed within close proximity, or small temporal intervals, the objects are more likely to be perceived together