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Nursing 5: Neuro > Sensory Neuro > Flashcards

Sensory Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of CSF

A

cushion the brain and protect brain tissue from injury

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2
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • largest portion of brain
  • cerebral cortex
  • responsible for all conscious behavior, enables individual to perceive, remember, communicate, and initiate voluntary movements
  • frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal loves
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3
Q

Frontal Lobe of cerebrum

A
  • controls voluntary skeletal movement, speech, emotions, and intellectual activity
  • prefrontral cortex controls intellect, complex learning abilities, judgement, reasoning, concern for others, abstract thoughts
  • located at front of head
  • Alcohol affects area of brain and takes away ‘filter’ and morals
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4
Q

Parietal Lobe of Cerebrum

A
  • responsible for conscious awareness of sensation, somatosensory stimuli including temperature, pain, shapes, and 2 point discrimination, touch, pressure, vibration, sharp vs dull
  • located in middle of head between frontal and occipital lobes
  • Proprioception (do you know where your body parts are right now)
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5
Q

Occipital lobe of Cerebrum

A
  • located at back of skull

- visual cortex recieves stimuli from retina and interprets visual stimuli in relation to past expierences

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6
Q

Temporal Lobe of Cerebrum

A
  • Located by each ear
  • responsible for interpreting auditory stimuli
  • olfactory cortex is in this love and transmits impulses r/t smell
  • Superior temporal gyrus
  • Wernikes Area: reception of speech
  • CN8 (acoustic nerve) hears for you and superior temporal gyrus interprets sound
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7
Q

Diencephalon

A

-contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

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8
Q

Hypothalamus of Diencephalon

A
  • autonomic control center, influences bp, pulse, force of heart contraction, digestive motility, respirations, pain perception, pleasure and fear
  • temperature,food intake, water balance and sleep cycles
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9
Q

Epithalamus of Diencephalon

A
  • helps control moods andsleep cycles

- choroid plexus where CSF is formed

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10
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • located below cerebrum, behind brainstem
  • skeletal muscle coordination and smooth movements
  • maintains equilibrium and muscle tone
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11
Q

Brainstem

A
  • contains midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
  • autonomic control center, influences BP by vasocontricton, respiratory rate, depth, vomitting, hicupping, swallowing, coughing and sneezing
  • cardiorespiratory center
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12
Q

_________ is key to neuro

A

Symetry

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13
Q

Right precentral gyrus of Frontal Lobe controls:

Left precentral gyrus of Frontal Lobe controls:

A

Left Side

Right Side

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14
Q

Upper Motor Neurons (UMN)

A
  • neurons located in precentral gyrus

- contralateral control

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15
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A
  • Talk normal grammar, rate and intonation but cannot properly express self using language
  • usually unaware of how they are speaking and not realize it doesn’t make sense.
  • Caused by injury to that area of brain on Left side
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16
Q

Jargon Aphasia

A
  • incomprehensible, make sense to the individual.

- Has problems selecting right words, may use similar work with similar sound or just a sound to replace words

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17
Q

Auditory Agnosia

A
  • inability to recognize or differentiate between sounds. It -neurological inability of the brain to interpret sound correctly
  • Car motor starting, patient may describe it as lion roaring. Unable to make the connection that its a car engine.
  • caused by damage to auditory cortex in temporal lobe
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18
Q

Cranial Nerve 0

A
  • Nervus Terminalis
  • connects to hypothalamic region of sexual function
  • pheromones
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19
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A
  • Olfactory

- sense of smell located in temporal lobe

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20
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A
  • Optic

- Vision

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21
Q

Cranial Nerve 3

A
  • Oculomotor
  • Pupillary reflex
  • muslce movement of eye
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22
Q

Cranial Nerve 4

A
  • Trochlear

- eye muscle movement

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23
Q

Craninal Nerve 5

A
  • Tigeminal

- 3 branches: ophthalmic branch, maxillary branch and mandibular branch

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24
Q

Cranial nerve 6

A
  • Abducens

- mucles movement of eye

25
Q

Cranial Nerve 7

A
  • Facial
  • taste
  • facial movement such as smiling, frowning
  • tear and saliva production
26
Q

Cranial nerve 8

A
  • Vestibulocochlear
  • balance and equilibrium
  • hearing
27
Q

Cranial Nerve 9

A
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • gag and swolloing reflex
  • taste from back of tongue
28
Q

Cranial Nerve 10

A
  • Vagus

- muscles for throat, mouth, swolloing and talking

29
Q

Cranial Nerve 11

A
  • Accessory
  • movement of sternocleiodmastoid and trapezius muscles
  • movement of soft palate and pharynx
30
Q

Cranial Nerve 12

A
  • hypoglossal

- movement of tongue for swallowing and movement of food

31
Q

Anosmia

A

-loss of smell or the loss of the ability to interpret smell may be the first sign of a neurodegenerative disease

32
Q

Aura for temporal lobe seizure

A

-funny taste or funny smell

33
Q

Dopamine and Sexual Function

A
  • dopamine plays major role in sexual pleasure center of brain
  • SSRI’s increase serotonin to make you happy, but it also decreases dopamine, which decreases pleasure
34
Q

Graphesthesia

A
  • Be able to distinguish numbers on palm

- test parietal lobe

35
Q

dressing apraxia

A
  • Unable to properly dress self (wearing underwear on head… steps into shirt)
  • caused by lesion in parietal lobe
36
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A
  • deficit in ability to plan or complete motor actions on demand.
  • cannot pick up a phone when told to do so but can do it without thinking about it
  • caused by lesion in parietal lobe
37
Q

Constructional Apraxia

A
  • inability to draw or construct simple configurations, such as intersecting shapes.
  • caused by lesion in parietal lobe
38
Q

How to assess cerebelum function

A
  • Romberg test: stand up with your feet together and close your eyes
  • Tandem walk: heel to toe
  • Close your eyes and touch your finger to your nose (lighting on an object)
  • Rapid alternating movements
  • Think alcohol
39
Q 
What is:
Truncal Ataxia-
Dysdiadochokinesia
Dysmetria-
Dysarthria-
A
  • wide, staggering gait
  • inability to make rapid alternating movements
  • inability to light on an object (touching nose with finger, for example)
  • ”scanning speech”, uh uh um….
40
Q

What can Papilledema indicate?

A
  • Swelling of optic disk

- can indicate cerebral swelling/edema

41
Q

The Argyll Robertson pupil

A

-a pupil that will accommodate but not react to light—aka as “the prostitute’s pupil)

42
Q

Corneal Reflex

A
  • touch cornea with a cotton wisp and the patient blinks; if the patient is in a coma, use a syringe with saline drops
  • test brainstem activity
  • checks CN 5 and 7
43
Q

What is Bells Palsy and what is it caused by?

A
  • paralysis of facial muscles – smile, puff cheeks, frown

- Virus or Borrelia burgdorferi if in an endemic area for deer ticks

44
Q

visual agnosia

A
  • Visual integration/problems manifest as cortical blindness

- occipital cortex function in occipital lobe

45
Q

Manifestations of upper motor neuron tract damage (UMN)

A
  • contralateral hemiparesis
  • pronator drift
  • hemiparalysis
  • babinski refex, is it present or not? Not - or +
46
Q

How to assess CN 2 and 3

A
  • pupilary reflex
  • shine light into eye
  • constriction indicates intact CN
47
Q

How to assess CN 2,4,6

A
  • oculocephalic reflex
  • Doll eye test. turn head side to side
  • eyes straight or slighting lagging behind indicates intact CN
48
Q

How to assess CN 3,8

A
  • oculovestibular
  • inject ice water into ears
  • eyes going towards that ear indicates intact CN
49
Q

How to assess CN 9, 10

A
  • gag reflex
  • pharynx irritated with tongue depressor or cotton swab
  • gagging response indicates intake CN
50
Q

Neurogenesis

A
  • growth of new neuron tracts

- exercise, study, Statins, Lithium, antidepressants

51
Q

Decerebate

Decorticate

A
  • Holding on to wings, characterized by extension,

- Holding on to life, characterized by flexion

52
Q

Characteristics of full consciousness

A
  • alert and oriented

- comprehends spoken and written language

53
Q

Characterisitcs of confusion

A
  • unable to think rapidly or deeply
  • poor memory and short attention span
  • judgement is impaired
54
Q

Characterisitcs of disorientation

A

-not aware of or not oriented to time, place, or person

55
Q

Characterisitcs of obtundation

A
  • lethargic

- somnolent-responsive to verbal or tactile stimuli but quickly drifts back to sleep

56
Q

Characterisitcs of stupor

A
  • generally unresponsive

- may be briefly aroused by vigorous repeated stimuli, may shrink or grab at the source of stimuli

57
Q

Characteristics of semicomatose

A
  • no spontanous movement
  • no response to any stimuli
  • slight movement or withdraw from stimuli without arousal
58
Q

Characteristics of Coma

A
  • unarousable, no response to any stimuli

- no attempt to withdrawal from stimuli

59
Q

Characteristics of Deep Coma

A
  • completely unarousable and unresponsive to any stimuli

- absence of brainstem reflexes

Nursing 5: Neuro (4 decks)

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