Sensory Neuro Flashcards
1
Q
What is the primary function of CSF
A
cushion the brain and protect brain tissue from injury
2
Q
Cerebrum
A
- largest portion of brain
- cerebral cortex
- responsible for all conscious behavior, enables individual to perceive, remember, communicate, and initiate voluntary movements
- frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal loves
3
Q
Frontal Lobe of cerebrum
A
- controls voluntary skeletal movement, speech, emotions, and intellectual activity
- prefrontral cortex controls intellect, complex learning abilities, judgement, reasoning, concern for others, abstract thoughts
- located at front of head
- Alcohol affects area of brain and takes away ‘filter’ and morals
4
Q
Parietal Lobe of Cerebrum
A
- responsible for conscious awareness of sensation, somatosensory stimuli including temperature, pain, shapes, and 2 point discrimination, touch, pressure, vibration, sharp vs dull
- located in middle of head between frontal and occipital lobes
- Proprioception (do you know where your body parts are right now)
5
Q
Occipital lobe of Cerebrum
A
- located at back of skull
- visual cortex recieves stimuli from retina and interprets visual stimuli in relation to past expierences
6
Q
Temporal Lobe of Cerebrum
A
- Located by each ear
- responsible for interpreting auditory stimuli
- olfactory cortex is in this love and transmits impulses r/t smell
- Superior temporal gyrus
- Wernikes Area: reception of speech
- CN8 (acoustic nerve) hears for you and superior temporal gyrus interprets sound
7
Q
Diencephalon
A
-contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
8
Q
Hypothalamus of Diencephalon
A
- autonomic control center, influences bp, pulse, force of heart contraction, digestive motility, respirations, pain perception, pleasure and fear
- temperature,food intake, water balance and sleep cycles
9
Q
Epithalamus of Diencephalon
A
- helps control moods andsleep cycles
- choroid plexus where CSF is formed
10
Q
Cerebellum
A
- located below cerebrum, behind brainstem
- skeletal muscle coordination and smooth movements
- maintains equilibrium and muscle tone
11
Q
Brainstem
A
- contains midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
- autonomic control center, influences BP by vasocontricton, respiratory rate, depth, vomitting, hicupping, swallowing, coughing and sneezing
- cardiorespiratory center
12
Q
_________ is key to neuro
A
Symetry
13
Q
Right precentral gyrus of Frontal Lobe controls:
Left precentral gyrus of Frontal Lobe controls:
A
Left Side
Right Side
14
Q
Upper Motor Neurons (UMN)
A
- neurons located in precentral gyrus
- contralateral control
15
Q
Wernicke’s Aphasia
A
- Talk normal grammar, rate and intonation but cannot properly express self using language
- usually unaware of how they are speaking and not realize it doesn’t make sense.
- Caused by injury to that area of brain on Left side
16
Q
Jargon Aphasia
A
- incomprehensible, make sense to the individual.
- Has problems selecting right words, may use similar work with similar sound or just a sound to replace words
17
Q
Auditory Agnosia
A
- inability to recognize or differentiate between sounds. It -neurological inability of the brain to interpret sound correctly
- Car motor starting, patient may describe it as lion roaring. Unable to make the connection that its a car engine.
- caused by damage to auditory cortex in temporal lobe
18
Q
Cranial Nerve 0
A
- Nervus Terminalis
- connects to hypothalamic region of sexual function
- pheromones
19
Q
Cranial Nerve 1
A
- Olfactory
- sense of smell located in temporal lobe
20
Q
Cranial Nerve 2
A
- Optic
- Vision
21
Q
Cranial Nerve 3
A
- Oculomotor
- Pupillary reflex
- muslce movement of eye
22
Q
Cranial Nerve 4
A
- Trochlear
- eye muscle movement
23
Q
Craninal Nerve 5
A
- Tigeminal
- 3 branches: ophthalmic branch, maxillary branch and mandibular branch
24
Q
Cranial nerve 6
A
- Abducens
- mucles movement of eye
25
Cranial Nerve 7
- Facial
- taste
- facial movement such as smiling, frowning
- tear and saliva production
26
Cranial nerve 8
- Vestibulocochlear
- balance and equilibrium
- hearing
27
Cranial Nerve 9
- Glossopharyngeal
- gag and swolloing reflex
- taste from back of tongue
28
Cranial Nerve 10
- Vagus
| - muscles for throat, mouth, swolloing and talking
29
Cranial Nerve 11
- Accessory
- movement of sternocleiodmastoid and trapezius muscles
- movement of soft palate and pharynx
30
Cranial Nerve 12
- hypoglossal
| - movement of tongue for swallowing and movement of food
31
Anosmia
-loss of smell or the loss of the ability to interpret smell may be the first sign of a neurodegenerative disease
32
Aura for temporal lobe seizure
-funny taste or funny smell
33
Dopamine and Sexual Function
- dopamine plays major role in sexual pleasure center of brain
- SSRI's increase serotonin to make you happy, but it also decreases dopamine, which decreases pleasure
34
Graphesthesia
- Be able to distinguish numbers on palm
| - test parietal lobe
35
dressing apraxia
- Unable to properly dress self (wearing underwear on head… steps into shirt)
- caused by lesion in parietal lobe
36
Ideomotor Apraxia
- deficit in ability to plan or complete motor actions on demand.
- cannot pick up a phone when told to do so but can do it without thinking about it
- caused by lesion in parietal lobe
37
Constructional Apraxia
- inability to draw or construct simple configurations, such as intersecting shapes.
- caused by lesion in parietal lobe
38
How to assess cerebelum function
- Romberg test: stand up with your feet together and close your eyes
- Tandem walk: heel to toe
- Close your eyes and touch your finger to your nose (lighting on an object)
- Rapid alternating movements
- Think alcohol
39
```
What is:
Truncal Ataxia-
Dysdiadochokinesia
Dysmetria-
Dysarthria-
```
- wide, staggering gait
- inability to make rapid alternating movements
- inability to light on an object (touching nose with finger, for example)
- ”scanning speech”, uh uh um....
40
What can Papilledema indicate?
- Swelling of optic disk
| - can indicate cerebral swelling/edema
41
The Argyll Robertson pupil
-a pupil that will accommodate but not react to light—aka as “the prostitute’s pupil)
42
Corneal Reflex
- touch cornea with a cotton wisp and the patient blinks; if the patient is in a coma, use a syringe with saline drops
- test brainstem activity
- checks CN 5 and 7
43
What is Bells Palsy and what is it caused by?
- paralysis of facial muscles – smile, puff cheeks, frown
| - Virus or Borrelia burgdorferi if in an endemic area for deer ticks
44
visual agnosia
- Visual integration/problems manifest as cortical blindness
| - occipital cortex function in occipital lobe
45
Manifestations of upper motor neuron tract damage (UMN)
- contralateral hemiparesis
- pronator drift
- hemiparalysis
- babinski refex, is it present or not? Not - or +
46
How to assess CN 2 and 3
- pupilary reflex
- shine light into eye
- constriction indicates intact CN
47
How to assess CN 2,4,6
- oculocephalic reflex
- Doll eye test. turn head side to side
- eyes straight or slighting lagging behind indicates intact CN
48
How to assess CN 3,8
- oculovestibular
- inject ice water into ears
- eyes going towards that ear indicates intact CN
49
How to assess CN 9, 10
- gag reflex
- pharynx irritated with tongue depressor or cotton swab
- gagging response indicates intake CN
50
Neurogenesis
- growth of new neuron tracts
| - exercise, study, Statins, Lithium, antidepressants
51
Decerebate
| Decorticate
- Holding on to wings, characterized by extension,
| - Holding on to life, characterized by flexion
52
Characteristics of full consciousness
- alert and oriented
| - comprehends spoken and written language
53
Characterisitcs of confusion
- unable to think rapidly or deeply
- poor memory and short attention span
- judgement is impaired
54
Characterisitcs of disorientation
-not aware of or not oriented to time, place, or person
55
Characterisitcs of obtundation
- lethargic
| - somnolent-responsive to verbal or tactile stimuli but quickly drifts back to sleep
56
Characterisitcs of stupor
- generally unresponsive
| - may be briefly aroused by vigorous repeated stimuli, may shrink or grab at the source of stimuli
57
Characteristics of semicomatose
- no spontanous movement
- no response to any stimuli
- slight movement or withdraw from stimuli without arousal
58
Characteristics of Coma
- unarousable, no response to any stimuli
| - no attempt to withdrawal from stimuli
59
Characteristics of Deep Coma
- completely unarousable and unresponsive to any stimuli
| - absence of brainstem reflexes
