Sensory Integration

Question 1

SI theory

Answer 1

Taking the information in -
Organizing the info coming in
Interpretation of it
Adaptation to it

Question 2

SI theory - Assumptions to support theory and use of sensory integration

Answer 2

Hierarchical body
Neuroplasticity
Inner drive
Adaptive responses 
Developmental sequence

Question 3

SI theory - Sensation is ultimately linked to

Answer 3

learning

Question 4

SI theory - how is sensation linked to learning

Answer 4

Enhance sensation with meaningful activity
Improve ability to process info
Enhance learning

Question 5

SI theory - Therapeutically we intervene to

Answer 5

adapt or cause change in the sensory systems

Question 6

SI theory - sensory systems include

Answer 6

Vestibular (gravity and mvmnt)
Proprioceptive (mm and joints)
Tactile
Vision

Question 7

SI theory - therapeutic interventions impact

Answer 7

Level of alertness
Readiness to receive
Readiness to interpret
Readiness to learn
Observable motor bx

Question 8

Dysfunction - Consideration 1

Answer 8

The developing sensory system with the developing child

Question 9

Dysfunction - Consideration 2

Answer 9

Ayres - originally said it was a stand alone diagnosis

Today - Can be found or addressed in any diagnosis

Question 10

Dysfunction - Sensory integration (theory and tx) vs. Sensory processing disorder (diagnostic) - classification allows for

Answer 10

Homogeneity in population

Question 11

Dysfunction - Types of SPD

Answer 11

Sensory modulation disorder (SOR, SUR, SS)
Sensory based motor disorder (dyspraxia, postural)
Sensory discrimination disorder (vis, aud, tact, vestib, prop, taste/smell)

Question 12

Sensory Modulation Disorder - what is it

Answer 12

The sensory input does NOT match the behavioral response either in degree, nature, or intensity

Question 13

Types of Sensory modulation disorder

Answer 13

Sensory Overresponsivity
Sensory Underresponsivity
Sensory seaking/craving

Question 14

Sensory Modulation Disorder - Sensory Over

Answer 14

One or multiple sensory areas
Unconcious automatic response
Greater reaction to unexpected stimuli
Sympathetic response is characteristic of F/F

Question 15

Sensory modulation disorder - sensory under

Answer 15

Limited response to stimuli
Appear apathetic
Infancy “good baby” or “easy child”
Older “lazy” “unmotivated”
Failure to notice bumps, falls, low response to pain
Often see it with SDD/Dyspraxia because of underresponsiveness

Question 16

Sensory modulation disorder - Sensory seeking/sensory craving

Answer 16

When unable to meet sensory needs may become explosive or aggressive
Can be difficult to distinguish from ADHD
Desire sensation
Energetically seek sensory input
Can be in multiple areas

Question 17

Sensory Discrimination Disorder

Answer 17

Sensation is difficult to interpret

Question 18

Sensory discrimination disorder - often present as

Answer 18

slower performance
often co occurs with SUR
poorer feedforward postural reactions
greater observance of dyspraxia from poor body schema

Question 19

Sensory discrimination disorder traditionally includes

Answer 19

auditory
visual
tactile

Question 20

Sensory based motor disorder - types

Answer 20

Dyspraxia

Postural disorder

Question 21

Sensory based motor disorder - postural disorder

Answer 21

Often occurs with other subtypes
Often in slumped postures
Inability to hold self upright for prolonged time
Can lead to gravitational insecurity

Question 22

Sensory based motor disorder - sensory deficit impact postural control often arise from

Answer 22

Vestibular
Proprioceptive
Visual

Question 23

Sensory based motor disorder - Postural control - Impacts

Answer 23

mm tone
balance
coordination
stability
righting and equilibrium rxs
ocular motor control
bilateral coordination

Question 24

Sensory based motor disorder - Dyspraxia - difficulty in the stages of

Answer 24

conception
sequencing
execution of motor bx

Question 25

Sensory based motor disorder - dyspraxia - signs

Answer 25

``` Issues with body in space awareness Accidents due to mvmnt Coordination may be hard Might see clumsy gait Can coincide with speech.language disorder ```

Question 26

Sensory based motor disorder - dyspraxia - may occur with

Answer 26

SOR or SUR or SDD

Question 27

Clinically - the key

Answer 27

You might see multiple signs that categorize the child into multiple categories related to sensory processing disorder Key is to distinguish one from the other to know what to work on

Question 28

Signs of gravitational insecurity

Answer 28

``` Seen with Dyspraxia often Want feet on ground Fear or falling Dislikes head down Doesn't jump from heights, curbs Uses stair railing Play ground Runs with hands on wall Vestibular responses ```

Question 29

Assessment - hx

Answer 29

``` Social Family hx Hospitalizations Recurrent illnesses Birth hx Developmental hx Sensory hx ```

Question 30

Assessment

Answer 30

``` Alertness/arousal levels Attn to task Desire to move Comprehension of task Rules formed - recall Praxis - motor planning, timing, impulsive Initiation of mvmnt, speed Synergies ```

Question 31

Assessment - clinical tests

Answer 31

``` Signs of tactile defensiveness MM tone RAMP RAMs Thumb to finger with shld 90 abd Tongue mvmnts Postural security with head down Equilibrium rxns Reflexes Hop, jump, skip, jumping jacks, balance beam ```

Question 32

Assessment - clinical tests - Reciprocal alternating movement patterns

Answer 32

Shlds in 90 abd and slowly flex hands to shoulders Abd 60 - low tone Jerky - prop Cant initiate - dyspraxia Visually watch UE rather than PT - body schema

Question 33

Assessment - clinical tests - thumb to finger

Answer 33

Skip finger Sequencing praxis Pinch - prop Extend fingers vs. 0 - low tone

Question 34

Measurement tools -

Answer 34

``` Sensory profile for infants/toddlers Sensory profile for adolescents/adults Sensory integration and praxis test (SIPT) De Gangi Berk test for SI Test of sensory function in infants Sensory integration inventory ```

Question 35

Sensation is ___ ___ __ ___

Answer 35

FOOD FOR THE BRAIN

Question 36

What type of stimulation is more effective

Answer 36

Multisensory rather than uni-sensory

Question 37

Interventions

Answer 37

``` Active participation of child - cog if old enough Child directed Individualized tx Purposeful activity Need for adaptive response ```

Question 38

Characteristics of interventions

Answer 38

``` Activities rich in proprioception, vestibular, and tactile input Varied based on child's response Protect child's self esteem Provide consistent and positive feedback Intersperse things not liked with things enjoyed as reward Goal directed Indentify end product End on success ```

Question 39

Activities with interventions - what first

Answer 39

Vestibular first!

Question 40

Frequency with interventions

Answer 40

Everybody should do it, every where, and ALL THE TIME!