Sensory impairment Flashcards
1
Q
What is sensory impairment?
A
- When one or more of a persons sense no longer normal
- Does not have to have full loss of sense to be sensory impaired
2
Q
What are the key care needs the NHS implement for sensory impairment?
A
- Communication
- Accessing services
- Mobility
- Accessibility and isolation
- Rehabilitation
3
Q
What is the current terminology for visual impairments?
A
- Sight impaired
- Severely sight impaired
4
Q
What are the causes of visual impairment in the UK?
A
- Uncorrected refracted error
- AMD
- Cataract
- Glaucoma
- Diabetic retinopathy
5
Q
What are some symptoms of visual impairment?
A
- Severe sudden eye pain
- Hazy, blurred, double vision
- Seeing flashes of light or sudden bright floating spots
- Seeing floating spider webs
- Swollen red eyes
6
Q
What is a cataract?
A
- Clouding of the lens of the eye which prevents clear vision
- Related to ageing process although some children can be born with it
- Leading cause of blindness
7
Q
What is AMD?
A
- Age-related macular degeneration
- Involves loss of persons central field of vision
- Macular retina develops degenerative lesions and cells of the macula become damages and scarred
8
Q
What are the two types of macular degeneration?
A
- Wet
- Dry
9
Q
What is Wet macualr degeneration?
A
- Causes severe sight loss in matter of months
- Growth of new vessels under retina which break and leak into macula casuing scarring
10
Q
What is dry macular degeneration?
A
- Bilateral condition
- 90% of cases
- Gradual loss of central vision
- Layers of macula become progressively thinner, functions less efficiently
- Can’t recognise people as can’t see faces clearly
11
Q
What is a glaucoma?
A
- Characteristic optic neuropathy determined by both structural change and functional deficit
- Caused by rise in intraocular pressure
- Bilateral condition and sight will never recover
- Can be treated if diagnosed early
12
Q
What are the two most common forms of glaucoma?
A
- Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)
- Angle closure glaucoma (ACG)
13
Q
What is POAG?
A
- Slow and insidious onset
- Anterior chamber angle open
- Caused by drainage channels in eye getting clogged over time
14
Q
What is ACG?
A
- Less common and more acute
- Caused by drainage in eye become suddenly blocked
- Rise of pressure inside eye quickly
15
Q
What is diabetic retinopathy?
A
- Vascular occlusion and dilations in eye with people with diabetes mellitus occur
- Progresses into prolifertaive retinopathy with growth of new blood vessels
- Macular oedema decreases visual activty
16
Q
What is diabetic retinopathy?
A
- Occurs in retina of people with diabetes mellitus
- Vascular occlusion and dilations occur
- Lead to proliferative retinopathy and growth of new blood vessels
- Lead to macular oedema and decrease in visual activity
17
Q
What are the causes of diabetic retinopathy?
A
- Retina is needed to convert light into electrical signals that are sent to brain through optic nerve to produce images that you see
- High blood sugar levels can cause blood vessels supplying retina to become blocked or leak
- Leads to background retinopathy
- Lead to pre-proliferative retinopathy
- Finally lead to proliferative retinopathy
18
Q
What is background retinopathy?
A
- Tiny bulges develop in BV and may bleed slightly
- Doesn’t really affect vision
19
Q
What is pre-proliferative retinopathy?
A
- More sever and widespread changes affect BV
- Sig bleeding into eye
20
Q
What is proliferative retinopathy?
A
- Scar tissue and new blood vessels
- BV are Weak and bleed easily
- Develop on retina
- Result in some loss of vision
21
Q
What are some risk factors for diabetic retinopathy?
A
- Duration of diabetes
- Level of glycemia
- Presence of high blood pressure
- Dependence on insulin
- Pregnancy
- Nutritional
22
Q
What is hemianopia?
A
- Blindness in one half of visual field
- Can be caused by variety of medical conditions like stroke
- Sight loss can be upper, lower, left or rigth
23
Q
What is the prevention for visual impairment?
A
- Regular eye exams
- Protect eyes from sun
- Protective eye wear at work
- Know family history
- Seek treatment quickly
- Stop smoking
- Eating healthy and managing obesity
24
Q
What are some difficulties visually impaired people experience?
A
- Not being able to access printed material
- Difficulty in accessing internet or electronical devices
- Difficulty getting to destinations
- Lack of awareness of others as to how to help
- Accessing unfamiliar buildings
25
How can we maximise communication for people with visual impairment?
- Identify yourself always
- Use names to identify people esp in group settings
- Keep visually impaired person informed of people leaving or entering room
- Tell them what youre doing before you do it
- Provide info in other formats like email, extra large print, braille, allow extra time
- Prepare surgery approprately
26
What is a hearing impairment?
- Someone who is not able to hear as well as someone with normal hearing
- Hearing threshold of 25 dB or better in both ears is normal
27
What are some functional impacts of hearing impairment?
- Ability to communicate with others
- Spoken language development delayed in children
- Adverse effect on academic performance
- Access to suitable accommodations important but not always available
28
What are some social and emotional impact of hearing impaiment?
- Loneliness
- Isolation
- Frustation
29
What are some congenital causes of hearing loss?
- Maternal rubella
- Low birth weight
- Birth asphyxia
30
What are some acquired causes of hearing loss?
- Meningitis, measles and mumps
- Chronic ear infection
- Otitis media
- Injury to head or ear
- Recreational exposure to loud sounds
31
What are some signs of hearing impairment?
- Inactivity
- Reduced development of speech and language skills
- Deterioration of speech
- Irritability
- Austistc like behaviour
32
How can we maximise communication for the hearing loss?
- Ask if want to use loop system
- Establish persons preferred communication method
- Face person and don't away
- Repeat, rephrase
- Finger spelling
- Write things down
- Reduce background noise
- Allow extra time
- Hearing aids switched on and functioning
