Sensory Impairment Flashcards

1
Q

What is sensory impairment?

A
  • when one or more of a person’s senses is no longer normal
    • does not need to be full loss of sense
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2
Q

What is the current terminology to describe changes to sight?

A
  • sight impaired
  • severely sight impaired
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3
Q

What are the two main causes of visual impairment?

A
  • uncorrected refractive errors
  • cataracts
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4
Q

What are symptoms of visual impairment?

A
  • severe, sudden eye pain
  • recurrent pain in or around the eye
  • hazy, blurred or double vision
  • flashes of light or sudden bright floating spots
  • rainbows or halos around lights
  • floating spider webs
  • curtain coming down over one eye
  • sensing cup filling up with ink
  • red, swollen eyes
  • changes to iris colour
  • white areas in the pupil
  • itching, burning, heavy discharge
  • gritting feeling
  • sudden change to vision
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5
Q

What are the difficulties potentially faced by those with sight impairment

A
  • unable to access printed material
  • difficulty accessing the internet/electronic devices
  • difficulty getting to destinations and around their environment
  • difficulty accessing unfamiliar buildings and environments
  • lack of awareness from others as of how to help
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6
Q

How can communication for those with sight impairment be maximised?

A
  • always identify yourself
  • use names to identify people
  • inform the visually impaired person informed of movements
  • tell them what you are going to do before you do it
  • avoid the use of non-verbal communication
  • provide information in alternative formats (braille, large print)
  • prepare the surgery appropriately
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7
Q

In what ways can hearing be impaired?

A
  • disease
  • disorder
  • injury
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8
Q

What is the functional impact of hearing impairment?

A
  • ability to communicate with others altered
  • spoken language development often delayed in children
  • adverse effect on academic performance of children
  • increased rates of grade failure and greater need for educational assistance
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9
Q

What are the potential social and emotional impacts of hearing impairment?

A
  • exclusion from communication
  • loneliness
  • isolation
  • frustration
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10
Q

What are the congenital causes of hearing loss?

A
  • maternal infection
    • rubella
    • syphilis
  • low birth weight
  • birth asphyxia
  • drug use during pregnancy
    • amnioglycosides
    • cytotoxic drugs
    • antimalarial drugs
    • diuretics
  • severe jaundice in neonatal period
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11
Q

What are the acquired causes of hearing loss?

A
  • infectious diseases
    • meningitis
    • measles
    • mumps
  • chronic ear infections
  • collection of fluid in the ear
    • otitis media
  • medications for:
    • neonatal infections
    • malaria
    • drug-resistant tuberculosis
    • cancers
  • injury to head or ear
  • excessive noise exposure
  • ageing
    • degeneration of sensory cells
  • wax or foreign bodies blocking ear canal
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12
Q

What are signs of hearing impairment?

A
  • inactivity
    -reduced development of speech and language skills
  • deterioration of speech
  • reduced social and emotional development
  • irritability
  • autistic like behaviour
  • confusion
  • unawareness of surrounding
  • failure to respond to sound
  • asking for sentences to be repeated
  • speaking in an unusually loud voice
  • isolating themselves
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13
Q

How can hearing impairment be treated or prevented?

A
  • early detection is vital
  • early management
    • surgical
    • medical
  • use of hearing aids
  • immunisation
  • avoidance of some drugs
  • reducing occupational exposure
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14
Q

How can communication be maximised with those with hearing impairment?

A
  • ask if they want to use a loop system
  • establish their preferred method of communication
  • book interpreters if required
  • always face the person
  • use clear speech and normal lip pattern
  • use finger spelling
  • speak at ear level
  • repeat and rephrase
  • write things down
  • ask to repeat important information back
  • reduce background noise
  • allow extra time
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