sensory ecology

Question 1

What senses are used for electromagnetic waves ?

A- vision and thermoreception
b- hearing , touch , balance
c- electroreception

Answer 1

a

Question 2

what physical stimuli creates the stimulus of taste and smell ?

Answer 2

chemical stimuli

Question 3

what is passive senses ?

Answer 3

passive senses collect information using the available light for example sunlight

Question 4

what is active senses?

Answer 4

probe the environment with self generated energy and then analyse how the environment modifies the outgoing energy

Question 5

what are the three origins of information ?

Answer 5

• internal state
• environment and us in it
• others and communication

Question 6

what must occur for communication to happen ?

Answer 6

the benefits must out way the costs

Question 7

what are the costs of sending and receiving information ?

Answer 7

• predation
• parasitism
• time
• energy

Question 8

what are some of the reasons why sounds are useful signals ?

Answer 8

can use them in the darkness

• work out of sight
• they can be used for localisation
• the sounds can be used on a range of distances and can carry different meanings

Question 9

longitudinal waves differ from transverse waves because :

a- longitudinal waves travel in air and water
b-transverse waves oscillate side to side
c- transverse waves will travel in air and water

Answer 9

a- longitudinal waves travel in air and water where as transverse waves travel through solids

Question 10

IMPORTANT : what is the logarithm for the decibel scale ?

Answer 10

20*log 10 (Pmeas /Pref) in dB SPL

Question 11

What does Pmeas and Pref stand for ?

Answer 11

Pmeas- measured sound pressure

Pref- threshold sound pressure that was set as the zero

Question 12

how is wavelength calculated?

Answer 12

speed of sound / frequency

Question 13

what are mechanical sounds derived from ?

Answer 13

movements , thermoregulation and food processing

Question 14

what are respiratory sounds split into ?

Answer 14

vocal and non vocal

Question 15

how are sounds produced in the larynx

Answer 15

the vocal folds move as the air passes them

Question 16

how do bird produce respiratory sounds?

Answer 16

the birds have two vibrating valves, they can have independent control over both sides of the syrinx

Question 17

what is the impedance of water and air , why is this important ?

Answer 17

air - 1 , water 3600
the closer the impedances of two media are, the better the sound will pass from one medium to another , this is why sounds can’t pass from water to air or vice veraa

Question 18

why does sound travel further under water ?

Answer 18

water has a lower absorbance than air so less energy is taken in