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cns physiology > SENSORY CORTEX & DORSAL COLUMN SENSATIONS > Flashcards

SENSORY CORTEX & DORSAL COLUMN SENSATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

S-II recieves fibers from …..

A

Both sides of the body

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2
Q

Mention areas where SII axons are sent

A

Association cortex, motor cortex, insula, amygdala, hippocampus

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3
Q

Describe SII lesion

A

Deficits in learning by object manipulation & recognizing texture & size of hand-held objects

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4
Q

Functions of posterior parietal area

A

Recieves signals from:
1. SI & II
2. Visual & auditory cortices
3. Sensory nuclei & other areas in thalamus

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5
Q

Name sensory association areas lesion

A

Astereognosis

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6
Q

Thalamus is formed of …groups of nuclei, which are …..

A

5
A, P, L, M, V

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7
Q

Non specific nuclei of thalamus recieve input from ….& project to whole cortex

A

Reticular formation

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8
Q

Mention functions of thalamus

A

Highest center for crude sensations
Relay for fine, auditory, visual sensations & motor fibers from basal ganglia & cerebellum
Connected to RAS has role in consciousness
Connected to prefrontal cortex, thus personality
Connected to limbic system thus emotions
Responsible for alpha waves of EEG

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9
Q

Mention origin of pyramidal tract

A

Mainly motor area 4 & premotor area 6 but also fibers from area 3,1,2 and parietal cortex A5

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10
Q

GR; Fibers from the sensory cortex descend to terminate on the contralateral dorsal horn of spinal cord

A

For modulation of sensations

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11
Q

Describe course of pyramidal tract in brain

A

Converge in corona radiata then pass in ant 2/3 of post limb of internal capsule

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12
Q

Describe course of pyramidal tract in brain stem

A

Pass in middle 3/5 of crus cerebri (basis pedunculi of midbrain) then
As scattered bundles in the basis pontis separated by transverse pontine fibers
Fibers collect to form pyramid of medulla oblongata
80% of fibers cross at the lowermost part of medulla

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13
Q

Describe course of pyramidal tract in spinal cord

A

Crossed fibers continue in spinal cord as lateral corticospinal tract while uncrossed fibers continue as ant corticospinal tract

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14
Q

Describe lamination in internal capsule & spinal cord(midbrain) of pyramidal tract

A

C, genu-face, UL most ant & LL most post in post limb of internal capsule
SC, cervical is med, sacral is lat

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15
Q

Crossed fibers of PT end on …. While uncrossed fiber end on …..

A

Lateral group of AHC (limbs)
Medial group (trunk)

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16
Q

Mention importance of ipsilateral corticospinal tract

A

Help recovery in case of upper motor neuron lesion

17
Q

The part of pyramidal tract concerned with facial muscles is …..

A

Corticonuclear/corticobulbar tract

18
Q

Uncrossed fibers & ipsilateral corticospinal tract supply …….

A

Abdominal & respiratory muscles

19
Q

All parts of the corticobulbar tract pass both ipsilaterally & contralaterally except the following:

A

The part of motor nucleus of facial nerve supplying lower part of face
Part of nucleus of hypoglossal nerve supplying genioglossus
There recieve ONLY contralateral fibers

20
Q

Compare roles of pyramidal & extrapyramidal tracts

A

P, skilled voluntary movements in distal parts of limbs
EP, adjusting muscle tone, posture & semiautomatic movements such as swinging arms during walking

21
Q

Compare tecto-spinal & rubrospinal tracts with respect, origin, crossing & end

A

TS, originate in superior colliculus at upper level of midbrain, cross at dorsal tegmental decussation and end at medial group of cervical AHCs to neck muscles
RS, originate in red nucleus in upper level of midbrain & cross at ventral tegmental decussation end at lat group of cervical AHCs (UL)

22
Q

Compare med & lat vestibulo sp. tracts with respect, site & end

A

Med ,Ant column down to T3
Lat , Ant column in whole cord
Alpha & gamma neurons of extensor muscles

23
Q

Compare med & lat reticulospinal tracts with respect, origin, end

A

M, Pontine RF
L, medullary RF
End at gamma motor neurons of Lamina XI

24
Q

In somatosensory area, most ant columnar resposnsible for ….., posterior parts for…., more post for …., while most post …..

A

Muscle, tendon, joint stretch receptors
Slowly adapting cutaneous receptors
Deep pressure
Respond if stimulus moves across the skin

25
Q

The sizes of the body parts representations in somatosensory cortex is proportional to …..

A

Number of specialized receptors

26
Q

Compare adaptation of vibration & deep pressure

A

Vib: rapid
D.P.:slow

27
Q

Mention receptors of vibration & their ranges of frequency

A

Pacinain corpuscle: 30-800 cycle/sec
Meissner’s corpuscle: 2-80 cycle/sec

28
Q

The type of receptor which functions in sense of movement but not position is ….

A

Pacinian corpuscle

29
Q

Adaptation of tactile receptors is …..while of proproceptive ones is …..

A

Rapid
Slow (tonic)

30
Q

Define sense of position & movement

A

P: ability of body to detect the position of different body parts relative to each other & space
M, ability of body to detect direction & rate of movement of different body oarts relative to each other & space.

31
Q

Compared to areas with high threshold distance, areas with low threshold distance are characterized by:

A

Large number of receptors
Large number of afferents
Less convergence
Higher sensory acuity
Large representative area in S. Cortex
Small receptive field

32
Q

Define threshold distance

A

The minimal distance between two points felt as 2 separate points

33
Q

Mention the test for tactile discrimination & localization

A

L, Two marker test
D, Weber compass test

34
Q

Mention the name of receptors & afferent fibers of tactile discrimination & localization

A

Meissner’s, Merckel’s,Ruffini end organ & Pacinian corpuscle
Abeta fibera

35
Q

Describe lesion of S-I

A

Inability to localize the different sensations in the different parts of the body but it can be crudely localized by thalamus
Inability to judge critical degrees of pressure
Inability to judge the weight of objects
Pain & temp are poorly affected by their localization is affected

cns physiology (5 decks)

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