Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Motor Control > Sensory coding > Flashcards

Sensory coding Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory cells (2)

A

specialized cells that change their properties in response to stimuli
convey info to the CNS regarding sensation/stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sensory transduction

A

transformation of physical energy into electrical and/or chemical energy - establishes common language throughout CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are biological sensory receptors classified? 1-3

A

based on the origin of the stimulation to which they primarily respond

  • exteroceptors: stimuli in external environemnt
  • interoceptors: stimuli within the body
  • proprioceptors: mechanical stimuli associated with configuration and movement of body and body segments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

photoreceptors

A

light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

mechanical energy - vestribular and touch receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chemoreceptors

A

chemical substances (taste and smell receptors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

thermorceptors

A

thermal energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

noci(o)receptors

A

intense energy of uniform or combined states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

5 modalities of receptors?

A 
vision
hearing
touch 
taste 
smell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

submodalities of vision - 2

A

colour/movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

submodalities of hearing - 2

A

high/low frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

submodalities of touch

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

submodalities of pain -2

A

dull ache/stabbing pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

submodalities of temp -2

A

hot/cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

proprioception vs kinesthesia

A

static position vs dynamic movement - awareness of the position and movement of segments of our body in space and in relation to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

four pieces of info conveyed with a sensation

A

modality
intensity
duration
location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Definition of sensory modality

A

Type of information (vision/hearing etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sensory modality is coded in what two ways?

A

Receptor sensitivity: receptors sensitive to specific energy forms - sometimes stimulus can stimulate one or more receptors to work simultaneously.
Labelled lines: axons of receptors function as modality specific lines of communication between periphery and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stimulus intensity

A

The amount of stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s stimulus intensity coded by?

A

AP discharge frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stimulus intensity clinical application

  • threshold for stimulation
  • sensory threshold
A

Lowest stimulation intensity at which receptor “fires”
Lowest detectable stimulus intensity
- influenced by practice, fatigue, aging, injury
I.e. pain threshold in competitive state vs non-competitive state, and post injury (protective and sensitive)

22
Q

Stimulus duration?

What’s it coded by?

A

Length of time for stimulus application

Coded by duriation of AP firing

23
Q

Perceived vs sustained duration

A

Perceived duration of application (and intensity) may vary, sustained duration means intensity of perveived stimulus diminishes over time

24
Q

Why does sustained duration happen?

A

Adaptation - intensity of perceived stimulus diminishes over time coded by firing frequency and duration

25
Receptor adaptation
Mechanoreceptors show diff firing patterns to code duration | Cutaneous and subcutaneous mechanoreceptors - low threshold/high sensitivity
26
Rapidly vs slowly adapting receptors
Slowly - contribute to fire as long as stimulus is maintained - changing shapes Rapidly - falls silent even when stimulus is maintained - movement and stimulus
27
Stimulus location
Site of stimulation - where applied
28
Why are we able to localize where stimulus occurs
Body mapped on sensory cortex(post central gurus) - sensory map/homunculus - somatotropin Oder in the human primary somatic sensory cortex -lips, hands, fingers, genitalia (cortical tissue) Species specific - for racoons its paws
29
Variation in sensitivity of tactile discrimination is a function of
location of body surface
30
Variation in tactile discrimination due to 2
Varying receptor density throughout body - more receptors=more sensitivity - finger vs back because finger needs a to manipulate Regional diff in “receptive field” - input area for the receptor - arm larger, finger small
31
Receptive fields (of a somatosensory afferent fibre)
The total area of the skin surface within which suitable stimulation will evoke a response (change in firing state) in the afferent fibre
32
All somatic sensory info conveyed by
Overlaps of receptor fields and receptor types
33
Where does the sensory information go?
Inputs from afferent neurons are transmitted to the brain to provide sensory awareness - all somatic sensory info conveyed by pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia
34
How many groups of somatosensory tracts? What are they?
``` 6 - peripheral and central axons Dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway Spinothalamic tracts Spinocerebellar tracts Spino-Olivary tracts Spinotectal tracts - textile Spinoreticular tracts - reticular ```
35
Somatosensory info is transmitted from thalamus to what three regions of in parietal lobe?
Primary somatosensory area (SI) - post central gyrus Secondary somatosensory area (SII) - by lateral sulcus Posterior parietal area
36
3 steps of sensory neuron input
Sensory receptors reside at the terminal of peripheral branch Central branch leads to spinal cord Cell body located in ganglion external to spinal cord
37
How is the somatosensory system organized? 3
Typographically Areas of body where skin is densely populated by mechanoreceptors have large cortical representation Size of receptive fields of afferent fibres INNERVATION gets the mechanoreceptors is an important determinant of tactile sensitivity
38
What does aging do to the number of receptors?
Decreases
39
Clinical application of perceiving stimulus location
Two point discrimination - minimal inter-stimulus distance required to perceive simultaneously applied stimuli as distinct
40
6th sense:
Sensory awareness: Kinaesthesia/ proprioception - awareness of the position and movement of segments of our body in space and in relation o one another - we dont notice it until it has been affected or we have to use it to compensate for something - static position sense - proprioception - dynamic position sense - kinaesthesia
41
Proprioceptors
Special receptors that media kinesthesia/ proprioception
42
Three sources of sensory fdbk contribute to kinesthetic sense
Articulate receptors: mechanoreceptors in joint capsule Muscle mechanoreceptors: muslce spindle and GTO - length.tension Cutaneous mechanoreceptors: macro discs
43
Iwasa - proprioceptive improvement in knees with ACL surgery - 3
Assessed by joint angle reproduction Significant diff from pre-operative state and 9 months Continued improvement up to 8 months Min of 18 months after ACL reconstracution may be needed for complete restoration of the proprioceptive function in knees
44
What does full kinesthetic sensitivity depend on?
Combined actions of mechanoreceptors in muscles, joints and skin
45
Sensory coding modalities
Type of information (vision, hearing) coded in 2 ways
46
What are receptors sensitive to?
Different energy forms
47
Labelled lines
Axons of receptors function as modality specific lines of communication between periphery and CNS
48
2 point discrimination in
Regional difference
49
Ventral and dorsal roots vs afferent and efferent
Ventral efferent dorsal afferent
50
Dorsal root ganglia
Cell bodies of afferent neurons made of pseudounipolar neurons
51
Ventral corticospinal tract supply
Neck and upper limbs

Motor Control (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions