SENSORY AND PERDECPTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY Flashcards
Occurs when information interacts with the sensory receptors - the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.
Sensation
is the interpretation of what is sensed.
Perception
According to Eleanor and James J. Gibson, we directly perceive information that exist in the world around us. Perception brings us into contact with the environment in order to interact with and adapt to it.
Perception = action
Gibson’s Ecological View
Through perceptual development, children become more efficient at discovering and using affordances.
TRUE
Objects have _____ opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capacities to perform activities.
Affordances
At birth, the nerves and muscles and lens of the eye are still developing = newborns cannot see small things that are far away.
- NEWBORN’S VISION: 20/240 ON THE SNELLEN CHART
By 6 MONTHS, on average, the vision becomes 20/40
Infants spend more time looking at their mother’s face than a stranger’s face as early as 12 HOURS after being born.
By 3 MONTHS, infants match voices to face; distinguish between male and female faces, and discriminate between faces of their own ethnic group and those of other ethnic groups
Visual Perception
4-8 WEEKS: infants can discriminate some colors
4 MONTHS they have color preferences
Color Vision
Sensory stimulation is changing but perception of the physical world remains constant. The development of perceptual constancy allows infants to perceive their world as stable.
Perceptual Constancy
Size Constancy
Shape constancy
Types of Perceptual Constancy
The object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object.
Size Constancy
The recognition that an object remains the same shape even though its orientation to us changes
Shape Constancy
Learning, experience, and self-directed exploration vie eye movements plays key role in development of perceptual completion in young infants.
Perception of Occluded Objects
1-2 MONTHS : infants don’t perceive occluded objects as complete, instead only perceiving what is visible
2 MONTHS : infants develop the ability to perceive that occluded objects are whole
3-5 MONTHS : INFANTS DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO TRACK briefly occluded moving objects.
5-9 MONTHS : infants are able to accurately predict moving objects that disappear gradually.
Perception of Occluded Objects
Young infants respond to differences in some visual characteristics of the deep and shallow cliffs, with no actual knowledge of depth.
Depth Perception
Fine-detail depth perception
Stereoacuity
Loudness
Pitch
Localization
Hearing
infants cannot hear soft sounds immediately after birth.
Loudness
The perception of the frequency of a sound. Infants are less sensitive to the pitch of a sound. They are more likely to hear high-pitched sounds
Pitch
Detecting where the sound is coming from. Newborns are able to determine the general localization of a sound, however, by 6 months of age, they’re more proficient at doing so.
Localization
Newborns respond to touch and are able to feel pain
touch and Pain
Newborns are able to differentiate odors, however, require several days of experience from birth to be able to recognize odors.
Smell
Sensitivity to taste might be present even before birth. At four months, infants begin to prefer salty tastes.
Taste
involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing
Intermodal Perception
Babies are born into the world with some innate abilities to relations among sensory modalities, however, their intermodal abilities improve considerably through experience.
TRUE
Nature Proponents
- The ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized manner is inborn or innate.
Nativists
emphasize learning and experience
Empiricists
Action can guide perception , and perception can guide action.
TRUE
Action educates perception
TRUE
Infants perceptual-motor development is prescribed by a genetic plan to follow a fixed and sequential progression of stages in development.
TRUE
Children perceive in order to move and move in order to perceive
TRUE
