Sensory Flashcards
Sensory integration
The ability of the rain to organize, interpret, and use sensory information
- somatosensation
- visual
- auditory
Feedback control
Uses sensory information received during movement to monitor and adjust motor output
Feedforward control
Proactive strategy that uses sensory information obtained from previous experiences and results in anticipatory adjustments in postural control or movement
Sensation
- Guide selection of motor responses for effective interaction with the environment
- Adapt movements and shape motor programs through feedback for corrective action
- Protect from injury
Motor learning
Dependent on
- Information form body and environment (sensory intake)
- Processing the information (sensory integration)
- Plan and organize behavior (motor behavior)
CNS lesions
May produce significant sensory impairments characterized by a diffuse patten of involvement and can result in significant motor dysfunction (sensory ataxia) and impairment of fine motor control and. Odor learning, as well as present a significant threat of injury to anesthetic limbs (inability to determine temp of bath water)
Arousal
The physiological readiness of the human system for activity, used to identify patient’s level of consciousness
- alert - lethargic - obtunded - stupor - coma
Alert
Patient is awake and attentive to normal levels of stimulation. Normal and appropriate interactions
Lethargic
Pt appears drowsy and may fall asleep if not stimulated in some way. Diverted interactions. Difficulty focusing or maintaining attention on a question or task
Obtunded
Pt is difficult to arouse from a somnolent state and is frequently confused when awake. Repeated stimulation is required to maintain consciousness. Largely unproductive interactions
Stupor
Pt responds only to strong, generally noxious stimuli and returns to the unconscious state when stimulation is stopped. When aroused, pt is unable to interact
Coma
Pt cannot be aroused by any type of stimulation. Reflex motor responses may or may not be seen
Attention
Selective awareness of the environment or responsiveness to a stimulus or task without being distracted by other stimuli
- pt asked to repeat things
Orientation
Pt’s awareness of time, person, and place. (Example questions on pg 95)
Cognition
Process of knowing and includes both awareness and judgement
- Fund of knowledge: sum total of an individual’s learning and experience in life
- Calculation ability
- Proverb interpretation
Memory
Immediate recall, short term, and long term retention of information are assessed and monitored
Hearing
Gross exam of hearing can be made by observing response to conversation
Vision
Snellen chart used
- peripheral tested with fingers or pens at the lateral edge of the visual field.
Sensory screening
- testing several areas with modalities form each of the general categories of sensation
- must be done bilaterally and vision occluded
1. Pain and superficial touch
2. Kinesthesia and vibration-deep
3. 2-point discrimination
Sensory testing sequence
- Superficial sensation
- Deep sensation
- Combined sensation
* *distal to proximal
Exteroreceptors
Superficial sensations
- pain, temp, light touch, and pressure
- receivestimuli from the external environment via skin and subcutaneous tissue
Proprioceptors
Deep sensations
- receive stimuli from muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and fascia.
- position sense and awareness of joints at rest, movement awareness, and vibration
Cortisol combined sensations
Stereognosis, 2-point discrimination, barognosis, and graphesthesia, tactile localization, recgonition of texture, and double simultaneous stimulation.
Anterolateral spinothalamic
Self-protective reactions
- *crosses at spine entrance level
- thermal and nociceptive information
- pain
- temp
- crudely localized touch
- tickle
- itch
- sexual sensations
