Sensitisation of nociceptive pathways 2 Flashcards
Flashcard 1: Q: What is Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM)?
A: CPM is a measure of the net effect of the descending pain pathway, involving both facilitatory and inhibitory effects on pain modulation.
Flashcard 2: Q: What was the primary finding about CPM in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondyloarthritis (SpA) compared to healthy controls?
A: Patients with RA or SpA had significantly weaker CPM effects compared to healthy controls, indicating deficient descending pain inhibition.
Q: How are heat pain threshold (HPT) and cold pain threshold (CPT) affected in RA and SpA patients compared to controls?
A: HPT and CPT were similar between patients and controls, but CPM effects were reduced in patients.
Q: What factors are suggested to influence CPM according to the study?
A: CPM is more often deficient in females, declines with age, and is allegedly affected by race, though the impact of socio-economic status also plays a role.
Q: What role do dopamine D1 and D5 receptors play in hyperalgesic priming models in mice?
A: D5 receptors are critical for maintaining hyperalgesic priming in male mice, while D1 receptors are more important in female mice.
Q: What is the role of the A11 nucleus in pain modulation?
A: The A11 nucleus inhibits acute and neuropathic pain via D2 receptors and maintains hyperalgesic priming through D1 and D5 receptors in male and female mice.
Q: What is hyperalgesic priming?
A: Hyperalgesic priming is a model of chronic pain where an initial injury leads to heightened sensitivity to pain, maintained by central mechanisms like dopaminergic pathways.
Q: What is latent sensitization in chronic pain models?
A: Latent sensitization is a phenomenon where hyperalgesia reappears after a remission phase, often triggered by stress or opioid inverse agonists like naltrexone.
Q: How can opioids affect pain sensitization post-surgery?
A: Opioid treatment during surgery can exacerbate pain sensitization, prolonging hyperalgesia in animal models.
Q: What is the significance of central sensitization in chronic pain?
A: Central sensitization refers to the heightened sensitivity of the central nervous system to pain, contributing to chronic pain states.
Q: What are the implications of sex differences in dopaminergic pain pathways for chronic pain treatment?
A: Since males rely on D5 receptors and females on D1 receptors in pain pathways, treatment strategies may need to be sex-specific in managing chronic pain.
Q: What question does the study raise about CPM and chronic pain?
A: The study asks whether alterations in CPM are a cause or consequence of chronic pain and if certain individuals are predisposed to develop central sensitization.
Q: What is the relationship between latent sensitization and stress?
A: Stress can trigger the reappearance of hyperalgesia during the remission phase of latent sensitization, highlighting the role of stress in chronic pain recurrence.
Q: How could the study of latent sensitization affect our understanding of post-surgical pain management?
A: It suggests that interventions at the time of injury, such as avoiding certain opioid treatments, could reduce the risk of latent sensitization and chronic pain development.
