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MT2- Sense Organs > Sense Organs Pathology and Tests > Flashcards

Sense Organs Pathology and Tests Flashcards

1
Q

astigmatism

A

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

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2
Q

hyperopia (hypermetropia)

A

farsightedness

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3
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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4
Q

presbyopia

A

impairment of vision as a result of old age

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5
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

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6
Q

chalazion

A

small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

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7
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization

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8
Q

glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

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9
Q

hordeolum (stye or sty)

A

localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid

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10
Q

macular degeneration

A

progressive damage to the macula of the retina

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11
Q

nystagmus

A

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes. normal in newborns

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12
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins

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13
Q

chalazion

A

granuloma formed around an inflamed sebaceous gland

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14
Q

dacryocystitis

A

blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and lower lid

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15
Q

ectropion

A

outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

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16
Q

entropion

A

inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result

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17
Q

hordeolum (stye)

A

infection of a sebaceous gland producing a small, superficial white nodule along lid margin

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18
Q

ptosis

A

drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma

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19
Q

xanthelasma

A

raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

20
Q

retinal detachment

A

two layers of the retina separate from each other. Patients experience photopsia (bright flashes of light) and floaters (black spots or filmy shapes)

21
Q

strabismus

A

abnormal deviation of the eye

22
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photography of the retina through dilated pupils

23
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of the eye

24
Q

slit lamp microscopy

A

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

25
Q

visual acuity test

A

clarity of vision is assessed

26
Q

visual field test

A

measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the hear

27
Q

enucleation

A

removal of the entire eyeball

28
Q

keratoplasty

A

surgical repair of the cornea

29
Q

laser photocoagulation

A

intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

30
Q

LASIK

A

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)

31
Q

phacoemulsification

A

ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe. Typical surgery for cataract removal

32
Q

scleral buckle

A

suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina

33
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (VII) in the brain

34
Q

cholesteatoma

A

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

35
Q

deafness

A

loss of the ability to hear

36
Q

Meniere disease

A

disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea and semicircular canals

37
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

38
Q

otosclerosis

A

hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

39
Q

tinnitus

A

sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ear

40
Q

vertigo

A

sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects

41
Q

audiometry

A

testing the sense of hearing

42
Q

cochlear implant procedure

A

surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing–impaired persons to understand speech

43
Q

ear thermometry

A

measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum

44
Q

otoscopy

A

visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

45
Q

tuning fork test

A

test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)

MT2- Sense Organs (4 decks)

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