Sense Organs Pathology and Tests

Question 1

astigmatism

Answer 1

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

Question 2

hyperopia (hypermetropia)

Answer 2

farsightedness

Question 3

myopia

Answer 3

nearsightedness

Question 4

presbyopia

Answer 4

impairment of vision as a result of old age

Question 5

cataract

Answer 5

clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

Question 6

chalazion

Answer 6

small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

Question 7

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 7

retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization

Question 8

glaucoma

Answer 8

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

Question 9

hordeolum (stye or sty)

Answer 9

localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid

Question 10

macular degeneration

Answer 10

progressive damage to the macula of the retina

Question 11

nystagmus

Answer 11

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes. normal in newborns

Question 12

blepharitis

Answer 12

inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins

Question 13

chalazion

Answer 13

granuloma formed around an inflamed sebaceous gland

Question 14

dacryocystitis

Answer 14

blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and lower lid

Question 15

ectropion

Answer 15

outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

Question 16

entropion

Answer 16

inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result

Question 17

hordeolum (stye)

Answer 17

infection of a sebaceous gland producing a small, superficial white nodule along lid margin

Question 18

ptosis

Answer 18

drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma

Question 19

xanthelasma

Answer 19

raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

Question 20

retinal detachment

Answer 20

two layers of the retina separate from each other. Patients experience photopsia (bright flashes of light) and floaters (black spots or filmy shapes)

Question 21

strabismus

Answer 21

abnormal deviation of the eye

Question 22

fluorescein angiography

Answer 22

intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photography of the retina through dilated pupils

Question 23

ophthalmoscopy

Answer 23

visual examination of the interior of the eye

Question 24

slit lamp microscopy

Answer 24

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

Question 25

visual acuity test

Answer 25

clarity of vision is assessed

Question 26

visual field test

Answer 26

measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the hear

Question 27

enucleation

Answer 27

removal of the entire eyeball

Question 28

keratoplasty

Answer 28

surgical repair of the cornea

Question 29

laser photocoagulation

Answer 29

intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

Question 30

LASIK

Answer 30

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)

Question 31

phacoemulsification

Answer 31

ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe. Typical surgery for cataract removal

Question 32

scleral buckle

Answer 32

suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina

Question 33

acoustic neuroma

Answer 33

benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (VII) in the brain

Question 34

cholesteatoma

Answer 34

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

Question 35

deafness

Answer 35

loss of the ability to hear

Question 36

Meniere disease

Answer 36

disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea and semicircular canals

Question 37

otitis media

Answer 37

inflammation of the middle ear

Question 38

otosclerosis

Answer 38

hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

Question 39

tinnitus

Answer 39

sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ear

Question 40

vertigo

Answer 40

sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects

Question 41

audiometry

Answer 41

testing the sense of hearing

Question 42

cochlear implant procedure

Answer 42

surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing--impaired persons to understand speech

Question 43

ear thermometry

Answer 43

measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum

Question 44

otoscopy

Answer 44

visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

Question 45

tuning fork test

Answer 45

test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)