Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology GRE > Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Sensation & Perception Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GRE® Vocabulary flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Reception

A

When receptors for a particular sense detect a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Receptors

A

Detect stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Receptive Field

A

Distinct region of sensory space that can produce a response when stimulated

Found on the body surface and in the muscles, joints, eyes, internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensory Transduction

A

Physical sensation is changed into electrical messages that the brain can understand

At the heart of the senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sensation to Perception Stages

A

Signal > Collection > Transduction > Processing > Action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neural Pathways

A

Where electrical information travels to the brain to where it is understood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F We sense many more things than we process each second

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F No other factors influence how we understand the sensory information we receive

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Theories of Perception

A 
Nativist Theory
Empiricist Theory
Structuralist Theory
Gestault Psychology
Current theory of perception (innate/sensory and learned/conceptual)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nativist Theory

A

Perception and cognition are largely innate and genetic

Born with all perceptual capacities, even though some not present at birth and develop as the individual matures

Opposite of Empiricist Theory (perception is learned and develops as the individual adapts to their environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Empiricist Theory

A

Perception is learned and develops as the individual adapts to their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Structuralist Theory

A

Perception is the sum total of sensory input: one can understand the mind by understanding its basic components

Focuses on Bottom-Up Processing (sensory data and works upward to the brain’s integration of that data)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bottom-Up Processing

A

Starts with sensory data and works upward to the brain’s integration of that data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

People tend to see the world in terms of organized wholes rather than constituent parts

Focuses on Top-Down Processing (starts with higher-level cognitive processes and works downward to sensory information)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Current Theory of Perception

A

Partially innate/sensory and partially learned/conceptual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Threshold

A

Minimum levels of stimulation needed for detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Threshold Types

A

Absolute Threshold
Differential Threshold (JDN)
Terminal Threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

Minimum amount of a stimulus that can be detected 50 percent of the time

ex. lowest pitch sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differential Threshold

A

Minimum difference that must occur between two stimuli in order for them to be perceived as having different intensities

“Just Noticeable Difference” or “JDN”

Defined by E. H. Weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Terminal Threshold

A

Upper limit above which the stimuli can no longer be perceived (highest pitch sound, etc.)

ex. highest pitch sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Psychophysics

A

Study of the quantitative relations between psychological sensations and physical stimuli

Term coined by Gustav Fechner 1860 “Elements of Psychophysics”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Psychophysical explanations for perception of intensity

A

Weber’s Law

Fechner’s Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Weber’s Law

A

Applies to all senses, but limited range of intensities

Stimulus needs to be increased by a contact fraction of its original value in order to be perceived as noticeably different.

(formula in book, pg. 25)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fechner’s Law

A

Built on Weber’s Law, but more complicated

Strength of stimulus must be significantly increased to produce a slight difference in sensation

(formula in book, pg. 25)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

J.A Swet’s Theory of Signal Detection (TSD)

A

Subjects detect stimuli not only because they can but also because they want to

Factors motivation into the picture, not just math; subjects respond differently (Response Bias)

Response Bias (individuals partially motivated by rewards and costs in detection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Response Bias

A

Motivated by rewards, costs

Influences detection of stimuli

Subjects respond differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What determines different responses to stimuli?

A

Response bias and stimulus intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Responses to Stimuli

A 
False Alarm
Hit
Miss
Correct Rejection
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

False Alarm

A

Saying that you detect a stimulus that is not there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hit

A

Correctly sensing a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Miss

A

Failing to detect a present stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Correct Rejection

A

Rightly stating that no stimulus exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves

A

Graphical representations of a subject’s sensitivity to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How do we see objects in relation to light?

A

We see the light they reflect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is light composed of?

A

Photons and waves measured by brightness and wavelengths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hue

A

“Color”

Dominant wavelength of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Brightness

A

Physical intensity of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Eye: Parts

A 
Cornea
Lens
Ciliary Muscles
Retina
Receptor Cells
Rods
Cones
Fovea
Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Visual Pathway to Cerebral Cortex: Parts

A

Optic Nerve (eye to brain)
Optic Chiasm (half of each eye optic nerve fibers cross and connect to other eye optic nerve %50 crossed; full picture)
Striate Cortex
Visual Association Areas of Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Cornea

A

Clear protective coating on the outside of the ye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Lens

A

Located behind the cornea

Ciliary Muscles bend (Accommodate) to focus an image onto the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Ciliary Muscles

A

Bend lens (Accommodate) to focus image onto the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Retina

A

Located back of the eye

Receives light images from the lens

Receptor Cells: 132 million photoreceptor cells and other cells process information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Receptor Cells

A

Rods and cones

On the retina

Responsible for Sensory Transduction via chemical alternation of Photopigments

Sensory Transduction (converting image into electrical message for the brain to understand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Rods

A

Particularly sensitive to dim light

Concentrated along sides of the retina

Used for night vision and peripheral vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Cones

A

Concentrated in center of retina, area “Fovea”

Greatest Visual Acuity (best at seeing fine details)

Sensitive to color and daylight

See better than rods because fewer cones per ganglion cell than rods per ganglion cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Fovea

A

Area of retina with greatest Visual Acuity (fine details)

Cones (color and daylight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Visual Acuity

A

Scale of seeing fine details

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Light direction through cells

A

Horizontal cells > bipolar cells > amacrine cells > ganglion cells (optic nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

T/F Stimulus in the left visual field is processed in the right side of the brain, vice versa

A

True; graph pg. 27 Optic Chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Theories for the details of vision

A

Opponent-Color/Opponent Process

Trichromatic Theory/Component Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Opponent-Color/ Opponent-Process

A

Theory for color vision

Ewald Hering

Two types of color-sensitive cells exist: cones: blue-yellow response and cones: red-green

When one is stimulated, other is inhibited (no reddish-green colors, see red or green)

Afterimage (look at something red for while, see green when looking at white later)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Afterimage

A

See green when looking at white after looking at red for a while

Part of Opponent-Color/Opponent Process

“McCollough Effect”

Perceived because of fatigued receptors ; can no longer respond after overstimulated and fatigued so is overshadowed by its opposite

ex. see dark image after staring at white lightD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Trichromatic Theory/Component Theory

A

Three types of receptors in retina: cones that respond to red, blue or green

Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

T/F Research shows that the opponent-process theory seems to be at work in the lateral geniculate body, where as the trichromatic theory seems to be at work in the retina

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Lateral Inhibition

A

Allows the eye to see contrast and prevents repetitive information from being sent to the brain

Once one receptor cell is stimulated, the others nearby are inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What did David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discover?

A

Cells in the visual cortex are so complex and specialized that they respond only to certain types of stimuli

ex. some cells respond only to vertical lines, whereas some respond only to right angles, and so on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Visual Field

A

Refers to the entire span that can be perceived or detected by the eye at a given moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Figure and Group Relationship

A

Refers to the relationship between the meaningful part of a picture (the figure) and the background (the ground)

60
Q

Depth Perception Parts

A

(Monocular and binocular cues)
Binocular Disparity (depth)
Apparent Size (size)
Interposition (closer/farther)
Linear Perspective (line distance perception)
Texture Gradient (texture changes)
Motion Parallax (movement overtime for near/far)

61
Q

Binocular Disparity

A

Most important depth cue

Our eyes view objects from two slightly different angles, which allows us to create a three-dimensional picture

(fig. pg. 28)

62
Q

Apparent Size

A

Gives us clues about how far away an object is if we know about how big the object should be

63
Q

Interposition

A

Overlap of objects shows which objects are closer

When one object appears to obscure another, the partially covered object is perceived as being farther away

64
Q

Linear perspective

A

Gained by features we are familiar with, such as two seemingly parallel lines that converge with distance

65
Q

Texture Gradient

A

Way we see texture or fine detail differently from different distances

The closer the object, the more coarse and distinct the features appear. More distant objects appear finer and smoother in texture

66
Q

Motion Parallax

A

Way movement is perceived through the displacement of objects over time, and the way this motion takes place at seemingly different paces for nearby or faraway objects

ex. ships far away seem to move more slowly than nearby ships moving at the same speed

67
Q

Visual Cliff

A

Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk

Developed to study if depth perception is innate

Thick layer of glass above a surface that dropped off sharply. The glass provided solid, level ground for subjects to move across in spite of the cliff below.

Animals and babies were used as subjects

Both groups avoided moving into the “cliff” area regardless of the glass

Originated as market testing for glass-bottom boat excursions

Provided information about depth perception in infants

68
Q

Dark Adaptation

A

Result of regeneration of retinal pigment

69
Q

Mental Set

A

Framework for assessing a problem and identifying solutions based on our experience

What has worked for us in the past

ex. psychiatrist view symptoms like loss of appetite and lethargy as symptoms of depression, while oncologist might associate with cancer

70
Q

Pragnanz

A

Overarching Gestalt idea that experience will be organized as meaningful, symmetrical, and simple whenever possible

71
Q

Gestalt Ideas: Parts

A 
Closure
Proximity
Continuation/ Good continuation
Similarity
Symmetry
Constancy
Minimum Principle
72
Q

Closure

A

Tendency to complete the incomplete figures

Gestalt

(fig. pg. 30)

73
Q

Proximity

A

Tendency to group together items that are near each other

Gestalt

(fig. pg. 31)

74
Q

Continuation/ Good Continuation

A

Tendency to create a whole or detailed figures based on our expectations rather than what is seen

Gestalt

ex. see two intersection lines, not four line segments
(fig. pg. 31)

75
Q

Similarity

A

Tendency to group together items that are alike

Gestalt

ex. see rows of alternating dots (shaded/unshaded), not one continuous block of dots
(fig. pg. 31)

76
Q

Symmetry

A

Tendency to group together items that are alike

Gestalt

77
Q

Constancy

A

Tendency of people to perceive objects in the way that they are familiar with them, regardless of changes in the actual retinal image

Includes: Size Constancy and Color Constancy

Gestalt

ex. book is perceived as rectangular in shape no matter what angle is it seen from

78
Q

Size Constancy

A

Knowing an elephant is large no matter how it may appear

Gestalt: Constancy (tendency of people to perceive objects in the way that they are familiar with them, regardless of changes in the actual retinal image)

79
Q

Color Constancy

A

Knowing the color of an object even with tinted glasses on

Gestalt: Constancy (tendency of people to perceive objects in the way that they are familiar with them, regardless of changes in the actual retinal image)

80
Q

Minimum Principle

A

Tendency to see what is easiest or logical to see

Gestalt

81
Q

Classic Illusions: Parts

A 
Ambiguous Figures
Figure-Ground Reversal Patterns
Impossible Objects
Moon Illusion
Muller-Lyer Illusion
Ponzo Illusion
82
Q

Ambiguous Figures

A

Can be perceived as two different things depending on how you look at them

ex. duck/rabbit image or vase/face image

83
Q

Figure-Ground Reversal Patterns

A

Ambiguous figures and can be perceived as two different things depending on which part you see as the figure and which part you see as the background

ex. art/fabric pattern looking

84
Q

Impossible Objects

A

Objects that have been drawn and can be perceived but are geometrically impossible

Multistability (perception can alternate between two or more possible interpretations)

(fig. pg. 32)

85
Q

Multistability

A

Perception can alternate between two or more possible interpretations

ex. Impossible Objects (Classic Illusions)

86
Q

Moon Illusion

A

Shows how context affects perception

Moon looks larger when see it on horizon than when we see it in the sky

Horizon contains visual cues that make the Moon seem more distant than the overhead ski. In the overhead sky, we cannot correct for distance when we perceive the size of the moon because we have no cues

87
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

Tendency to perceive smooth motion

Explains why motion is inferred when there actually is none, often by the use of flashing lights or rapidly shown still-frame pictures, such as in the perception of cartoons.

“Apparent Motion”

88
Q

Apparent Motion

A

Motion inferred when there actually is none

Part if Phi Phenomenon

ex. flashing lights or quick cartoon frames

89
Q

Muller-Lyer Illusion

A

Most famous classic illusion

Two horizontal lines of equal length appear unequal because of the orientation of the arrow marks at the end.

Inward facing arrowheads make a line appear shorter than another line of the same length with outward facing arrowheads

(fig. pg. 33)

90
Q

Ponzo Illusion

A

When two horizontal lines of equal length appear unequal because of two vertical lines that slant inward

(fig. pg. 33)

91
Q

Autokinetic Effect

A

The way that a single point of light viewed in darkness will appear to shake or move

Reason for this is the constant movements of our own eyes

92
Q

Purkinje Shift

A

The way that perceived color brightness changes with the level of illumination in the room

With lower levels of illumination, the extremes of the color spectrum (especially red) are seen as less bright)

93
Q

Pattern Recognition

A

Most often explained by Template Matching and Feature Detection

ex. In order to pick the letter “o” out of a page of letters, we would probably first concentrate only on letters with rounded edges and then look for one to match a typical “o”

94
Q

What did Robert Fantz discover?

A

Infants prefer relatively complex and sensical displays

95
Q

What are humans sensitive to in sound?

A

Loudness & pitch

96
Q

Amplitude

A

Physical intensity of a sound wave

Determines loudness

97
Q

Frequency

A

The pace of vibrations or sound waves per second for a particular sound

Determines pitch; low frequency is perceived as low pitch or low tone, and vice versa

Measured in Hertz (Hz)

Humans hear best frequencies at 1,000 Hz

98
Q

Timbre

A

Comes from the complexity of the sound wave

99
Q

Major Parts of the Ear

A 
Outer Ear (Pinna & Auditory Canal)
Middle Ear (Typanic Membrane, Ossicles, Stapes)
Inner Ear (Oval Window, Cochlea, Basilar Membrane, Organ of Corti, Vestibular Sacs)

(fig. pg. 34)

100
Q

Outer Ear

A

Consists of Pinna & Auditory Canal

Vibrations from sound move down auditory canal to the middle ear

101
Q

Auditory Canal

A

Vibrations from sound move to middle ear

102
Q

Middle Ear

A

Consists of Typanic Membrane, Ossicles, Stapes

Typanic Membrane (eardrum) is stretched across the Auditory Canal; behind membrane are Ossicles (three small bones), and last is Stapes

Sound vibrations bump against the Typanic Membrane, causing the Ossicles to vibrate

103
Q

Inner Ear

A

Responsible for hearing & balance

Oval Window is tapped by Stapes, vibrations activate fluid-filled, Cochlea, movement of Cochlear fluid activates the Hair-Cell Receptors on the Basilar Membrane and the Organ of Orti.

104
Q

Traveling Wave

A

Movement on the Basilar Membrane

Inner Ear

105
Q

Vestibular Sacs

A

Responsible for balance

Sensitive to tilt

Respond to hair movement

106
Q

T/F Receptor cells in the inner ear activate nerve cells that change the information into an electrical message the brain can process

A

True

107
Q

Auditory System: Parts

A

Olivary Nucleus
Inferior Colliculus
Medial Geniculate Body

System leads to Auditory Cortex

108
Q

What is Hermann von Helmholtz is famous for?

A

Place-Resonance Theory of sound perception

different parts of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies

109
Q

Place-Resonance Theory

A

Sound perception

Different parts of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies

Hermann von Helmholtz

110
Q

Sound Localization

A

Achieved in different ways

Degree to which one of our ears hears a sound prior to and more intensely than the other can give us information about the origin of the sound

High-frequency sounds are localized by intensity differences, low-frequency sounds are localized by phase differences

111
Q

Dichotic Presentation

A

Often used in studies of auditory perception and Selective Attention

In tasks, subject presented with a different verbal message in each ear. Subjects are asked to repeat (Shadow) one of the messages to ensure that the other message is not consciously attended to

112
Q

Shadow

A

To repeat what is heard

113
Q

Olfactory Bulb

A

Responsible for smell

Hair receptors in the nostrils send messages to Olfactory Bulb

At base of brain

114
Q

T/F Smell is primitive sense and is strongly connected to memory and perception of taste

A

True

115
Q

Five Basic Tastes

A 
Sweet
Bitter
Sour
Salty
Umami (new; meaty/savory)
116
Q

Taste Receptors

A

“Taste buds” “Papillae”

Lie on the tongue

Saliva mixes with food; flavor can flow easily into the tongue’s taste receptors

117
Q

Papillae

A

“Taste Receptors” “Taste Buds”

Lie on the tongue

Saliva mixes with food; flavor can flow easily into the Taste Receptors

118
Q

Somatosenses

A

Gives us information about the physical body apart from major sensory organs

Sensory data (touch, heat, pain, pressure, balance, vibration, orientation, muscle movement)

119
Q

Somatosenses: Parts

A 
Touch
Heat
Pain
Pressure
Balance
Vibration
Orientation
Muscle Movement
120
Q

What does human skin sense?

A

Touch
Pain
Cold
Warmth

121
Q

Free Nerve Endings

A

Detect pain and temperature changes

In the skin

122
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

Receptors in skin that detect touch or contact

123
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

Touch receptors that respond quickly to displacement of skin

124
Q

Two-Point Threshold

A

Minimum distance between two close objects touching skin to determine there are in fact two instead of one object touching skin

Size is determined by the density and layout of nerves in the skin

125
Q

Physiological Zero

A

Temperature that is sensed as neither warm nor cold

126
Q

Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall’s Gate Control Theory of Pain

A

Looks at pain as a process rather than just a simple sensation governed in one center in the brain

Pain perception is related to the interaction of large and small nerve fibers that run to and from the spine

Pain may or may not be perceived depending on different factors, including cognition

127
Q

Phantom Limb Pain

A

Occurs when amputees feel sensations of pain in the limbs that have been amputated and no longer exist

128
Q

Endorphins

A

Neuromodulators that kick in to reduce or eliminate the perception of pain

129
Q

Orienting Reflex

A

Tendency to turn toward an object that has touched you

130
Q

Vestibular Sense

A

Allows us to orient ourselves in space and maintain balance

Inner ear in Vestibular Labyrinth (series of interconnected structures continuous with the Cochlea)

131
Q

Vestibular Labrynth

A

Series of interconnected structures continuous with the Cochlea

Contains three tubes “Semicircular Canals” (detect head motion and help to maintain equilibrium)

132
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

Three tubes in Vestibular Labrynth

Detect head motion and help to maintain equilibrium

133
Q

Kinesthetic Sense

A

Awareness of the body’s movement

Spindles (tiny receptors in the muscles throughout the body, provide muscle memory, allowing us to sense how our limbs are moving in space with out visual confirmation)

Related to: Proprioception (cognitive awareness of where our bodies are in space)

134
Q

Proprioception

A

Cognitive awareness of where our bodies are in space

135
Q

Selective Attending

A

Process of tuning in to something specific while ignoring all other stimuli in the background

ex. what your date is saying vs conversations in the background

136
Q

Models of Selective Attention

A

Spotlight Model
Filter Model of Attention
Attenuation Model of Attention
Divided Attention/Multitasking

137
Q

Spotlight Model

A

Suggests that humans focus on one particular task while all the other tasks remain in the background until the spotlight focuses on a different task

Attention has: Focus (primarily attended to), Fringe (periphery), and a Margin (limit)

William James

138
Q

Filter Model of Attention

A

Says that any information not attended to is filtered out and decays; explain why we are not constantly bombarded with sensory inputs

Sensory input goes from sensory stores through a selective filter, which blocks unattended messages.

Only the information attended to makes it into our working memory

Donald Broadbent

(fig. pg. 37)

139
Q

Attenuation Model of Attention

A

Altered Donald Broadbent’s theory of Filter Model of Attention (information not attended to is filtered out and decays)

Addresses Cocktail Party Effect phenomena (person involved in a conversation can detect their name or something equally salient from across a crowded room

Sensory input flows into our sensory stores (Broadbent’s model), but instead of going through a selective filter it goes through an attenuating filter, turning volume down or up on the information

And, rather than decaying, unattended information still goes through higher level processing and into working memory, so it is available on this other channel if need be

Anne Treisman

(fig. pg. 37)

140
Q

Cocktail Party Effect

A

Phenomena, person involved in a conversation can detect their name or something equally sailent from across a croweded room

Anne Treisman’s Attenuation Model of Attention

141
Q

Divided Attention

A

“Multitasking”

Occurs when a person’s attention is split among multiple tasks

ex. reading a book while listening to music

142
Q

Research shows that when people multitask, they are more likely to make mistakes and/or move more slowly through their task. This is due to?

A

Cognitive Load

143
Q

Cognitive Load

A

The amount of mental effort involved

144
Q

Resource Model of Attention

A

Addresses issue of multitasking/cognitive load, suggesting humans have a limited amount of attention at any given time

145
Q

Simulations

A

Use perceptual cues to make artificial situations seem real

146
Q

Subliminal perception

A

Is the perceiving of a stimulus that one is not consciously aware of

ex. unattended message in the dichotic presentation or visual information that is briefly presented

147
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

Deal with thirst

Psychology GRE (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions