sensation and perception/judgement and decision making

Question 1

demand characteristic

Answer 1

when participants form an interpretation of the experiments purpose and subconciously change their behaviour to fit that interpretation

Question 2

What are the longest and shortest wavelength colours?

Answer 2

Red is the longest wavelength colour and violet is the shortest

Question 3

Correlation

Answer 3

indicates the extent to which two or more variables fluctuate together (there can be positive and negative correlations)

Question 4

causal relationship

Answer 4

indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other event

Question 5

variation

Answer 5

a change or slight difference in condition

Question 6

estimate

Answer 6

to roughly calculate or judge the value

Question 7

Retina

Answer 7

The thin inner surface of the back of the eyeball; it contains the photoreceptors that transduce light into neural signals

Question 8

Pupil

Answer 8

The small opening in the eye; it lets in light waves

Question 9

Iris

Answer 9

The coloured muscular circle on the surface of the eye; it changes shape to let in more or less light

Question 10

Cornea

Answer 10

The clear outer covering of the eye

Question 11

Smell

Answer 11

• Stimuli: molecules dissolved in fluid on mucous membranes in the nose
• Receptors: sensitive ends of olfactory neurones in the mucous membranes
• Pathways to the brain: olfactory nerve

Question 12

Hearing

Answer 12

• Stimuli: sound waves
• Receptors: pressure-sensitive hair cells in cochlea of inner ear
• Pathways to the brain: auditory nerve

Question 13

Touch

Answer 13

• Stimuli: pressure on the skin
• Receptors: sensitive ends of touch neurones in skin
• Pathways to the brain: cranial nerves for touch above the neck, spinal nerves for touch elsewhere

Question 14

Vision

Answer 14

• Stimuli: light waves
• Receptors: light-sensitive rods and cones in the retina of eye
• Pathways to the brain: optic nerve

Question 15

red and green light results in…

Answer 15

yellow light

Question 16

green and blue light results in..

Answer 16

cyan light

Question 17

red and blue light results in

Answer 17

magenta light

Question 18

The ventral stream

Answer 18

(also known as the “what pathway”) is involved with object and visual identification and recognition.

Question 19

The dorsal stream

Answer 19

(or, “where pathway”) is involved with processing the object’s spatial location relative to the viewer and with speech repetition.

Question 20

In a dichotic listening experiment, the fact that participants recall some information
from the unattended message is important because

Answer 20

this indicates that unattended messages are processed to some degree.

Question 21

proximity

Answer 21

nearness in space, time, or relationship

Question 22

Common Fate

Answer 22

It is the grouping together of objects or organisms who move as one or together.

Question 23

continuity

Answer 23

consistent existence or operation of something over time.

Question 24

similarity

Answer 24

the state or fact of being similar

Question 25

interposition

Answer 25

interference

Question 26

Linear Perspective

Answer 26

Linear perspective is an artistic or visual term that refers to the eye’s sense of depth and distance perception. This is why two identical items will appear to vary in size with the amount of distance involved and why roads appear to narrow with distance.

Question 27

Retinal Disparity

Answer 27

Retinal Disparity is the difference between the visual images that each eye perceives because of the different angles in which each eye views the world.

Question 28

texture gradient

Answer 28

some objects appear closer because they are coarse and more distinct, but gradually become less and less distinct (and more fine) which makes the objects appear to get further and further away.

Question 29

Illusory conjunctions

Answer 29

are psychological effects in which participants combine features of two objects into one object.

Question 30

Sound waves

Answer 30

vibration in the air processed by the auditory system

Question 31

dichotic listening technique

Answer 31

Dichotic listening is an experimental technique where different messages are transmitted into each ear of a subject to test “selective attention” or the ability to concentrate on one message to the exclusion of the other. An everyday experience of this is the attempt to focus on a phone call while ignoring sounds that are being received by the opposite ear.

Question 32

) split-brain research methodology.

Answer 32

stuff on the left and right brain hemispheres

Question 33

cocktail party effect

Answer 33

is the phenomenon of being able to focus one’s auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli,