sensation and perception/judgement and decision making Flashcards
demand characteristic
when participants form an interpretation of the experiments purpose and subconciously change their behaviour to fit that interpretation
What are the longest and shortest wavelength colours?
Red is the longest wavelength colour and violet is the shortest
Correlation
indicates the extent to which two or more variables fluctuate together (there can be positive and negative correlations)
causal relationship
indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other event
variation
a change or slight difference in condition
estimate
to roughly calculate or judge the value
Retina
The thin inner surface of the back of the eyeball; it contains the photoreceptors that transduce light into neural signals
Pupil
The small opening in the eye; it lets in light waves
Iris
The coloured muscular circle on the surface of the eye; it changes shape to let in more or less light
Cornea
The clear outer covering of the eye
Smell
- Stimuli: molecules dissolved in fluid on mucous membranes in the nose
- Receptors: sensitive ends of olfactory neurones in the mucous membranes
- Pathways to the brain: olfactory nerve
Hearing
- Stimuli: sound waves
- Receptors: pressure-sensitive hair cells in cochlea of inner ear
- Pathways to the brain: auditory nerve
Touch
- Stimuli: pressure on the skin
- Receptors: sensitive ends of touch neurones in skin
- Pathways to the brain: cranial nerves for touch above the neck, spinal nerves for touch elsewhere
Vision
- Stimuli: light waves
- Receptors: light-sensitive rods and cones in the retina of eye
- Pathways to the brain: optic nerve
red and green light results in…
yellow light
green and blue light results in..
cyan light
red and blue light results in
magenta light
The ventral stream
(also known as the “what pathway”) is involved with object and visual identification and recognition.
The dorsal stream
(or, “where pathway”) is involved with processing the object’s spatial location relative to the viewer and with speech repetition.
In a dichotic listening experiment, the fact that participants recall some information
from the unattended message is important because
this indicates that unattended messages are processed to some degree.
proximity
nearness in space, time, or relationship
Common Fate
It is the grouping together of objects or organisms who move as one or together.
continuity
consistent existence or operation of something over time.
similarity
the state or fact of being similar
interposition
interference
Linear Perspective
Linear perspective is an artistic or visual term that refers to the eye’s sense of depth and distance perception. This is why two identical items will appear to vary in size with the amount of distance involved and why roads appear to narrow with distance.
Retinal Disparity
Retinal Disparity is the difference between the visual images that each eye perceives because of the different angles in which each eye views the world.
texture gradient
some objects appear closer because they are coarse and more distinct, but gradually become less and less distinct (and more fine) which makes the objects appear to get further and further away.
Illusory conjunctions
are psychological effects in which participants combine features of two objects into one object.
Sound waves
vibration in the air processed by the auditory system
dichotic listening technique
Dichotic listening is an experimental technique where different messages are transmitted into each ear of a subject to test “selective attention” or the ability to concentrate on one message to the exclusion of the other. An everyday experience of this is the attempt to focus on a phone call while ignoring sounds that are being received by the opposite ear.
) split-brain research methodology.
stuff on the left and right brain hemispheres
cocktail party effect
is the phenomenon of being able to focus one’s auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli,
