Sensation and Perception Flashcards
Sensation
process by which sensory receptors receive and represent stimuli from our environment
Perception
process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
In relation to sensation and perception, what does experience of the world depend on?
- Physical stimuli we encounter
- Active processing of stimuli inputs
There must be ______ energy for us to see
light
The stimulus input is______?
Light
pulses of ______ energy strike your eye allowing your visual system to perceive colors
electromagnetic
where does light enter the eye?
Cornea
what is the corneas job?
to protect the eye and to bend light as it comes out to provide focus
What happens after the light enters the eye through the cornea?
The light passes through the pupil to a lens that focuses incoming light rays to an image on the retina
What does the Iris do?
constricts of dilates depending on the amount of light present in the environment
Nearsightedness
When your distance of light falls short of retina
can see things up close clearly but far away things are blurry
Farsightedness
When your focus of light falls beyond the retina
(things far away are clear but up close are blurry)
Retina
Neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye
What does the Retina do?
Absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain for further processing
(Transforms patterns of light into different representations of a scene)
What are the names of the receptor cells in the outer layer of the Retina?
Rods and Cones
What are Rods critical for?
Critical for playing a key role in our night vision they are necessary for peripheral vision
What are Cones critical for?
Daytime vision, detecting fine detail, giving rise to color sensations.
room for retina flow chart thing
Where does color reside?
our brain or the object?
our brain
True or False: When we see color its about perception?
TRUE
What are the two stages to processing color?
- Respond to different color stimuli
- Signals are processed by opponent opposite cells
Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory
Retina has three types of color receptors: red green and blue. When we stimulate red cones we see red. We can stimulate multiple cones at ones to see other colors besides the prime 3
Opponent-Process Theory
Opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision
True or False: Cultural perception clouds the way we see things
TRUE
Gestalt perception
An organized whole, way of clustering sensations to organize them
Gestalt principles
series of principles that explain how the visual system organizes a scene into meaningful ways
Figure and Ground
[We constantly look at things as a figure or focal point against a background]
this same stimulus can trigger more than one perception
Depending on what you perceive as the figure and the ground depends on what you will see
Principle of Proximity
We effortlessly group nearby objects together to help us make sense of what we are seeing
(nearby objects are grouped together)
Principle of Similarity
Similar figures are grouped together
Principle of Continuity
We see things as continuous even in the lack of evidence
(perceive smooth, continuous objects)
Principle of Simplicity
Organize elements in the simplest way possible
Principle of Closure
Gaps are filled to create a complete, whole object
Do the Gestalt principles work simultaneously?
yes
How are we able to estimate objects distance from us?
3 dimensional viewing
What is a critical experiment that displayed how depth perception develops?
Gibson and Walk visual cliff experiments
