Sensation and perception Flashcards
Sensation meaning
Where our sense organs and receptors detect and respond to sensory information.
Perception meaning
Where we give meaning to the sensory information.
3 steps in Sensation
Reception, Transduction, Transmission
4 steps in taste perception
Stimulus, Reception, Transduction, Perception
The sensory organs are?
Touch, Smell, Hearing, Taste, Sight
Reception
Our sense organs first receive info about a stimulus.
Transduction
Raw sensory data received by receptors and is converted to new form to be sent to the brain.
Transmission
Sending information to the areas of the brain responsible for for processing sensory information.
Receptive fileds
A section of space where a stimulus is present.
What is a Gestalt Principle?
Perceive visuals as a whole
4 Gestalt Principle
Figure-grounds, Closure, Similarity and Proximity.
Figure-grounds
Dividing visuals into a figure which stands out from the ground.
Closure
Mentally fill in or ignore gaps in a visual image to see it as a whole.
Similarity
See a visual image that has similar features. Colour, shape, size and texture.
Proximity
Perceive parts of a visual image which are close together belongs in a group.
Monocular Depth Cues
Accommodation, Pictorial Cues
Accommodation
Automatic adjustments of our eye lens to focus on an object to change how far away the object is.
Binocular Depth Cues
Convergence and retinal disparity
Convergents
Detecting depth by changing tension in the eye muscles.
The five Depth Perception
Linear Perspective, Interposition, Texture Gradient, Relative Size and height in the visual field.
Liner perspective
The meeting of parallel lines as they go back into the distance to give depth
Interposition
Overlap, When one abject slightly covers another and the object furthest is the one being covered.
Texture Gradient
Reduced detail that occurs in a surface as it becomes further away
Relative Size
To visually see that the object largest in view is closest and the object that is smallest is further away.
Influences of Visual Perception
Perceptual set, context, motivation, emotional state, culture.
Perceptual Set
To see something in what we expect to see.
Five Basic Taste
Sweet, Sour, Savoury, Salty and Bitter
Influences on Taste Perception
Age, Genetics, Perceptual set, Culture
Judgement of flavours
Perceptual set, Colour intensity and texture.
Stimulus - Taste
Chemical molecules combine with saliva on your tongue.
Reception - Taste
Taste receptors located in taste buds that are grouped within the papillae.
Transduction - Taste
Convert chemical molecules into signals transmitted to the brain by the facial nerve.
Perception - Taste
Facial nerve carriers send information to the thalamus then to the gustatory cortex.
Age and taste
The number of taste buds increase durning childhood and decrease with age.
Genetics and taste
Make us more or less sensitive to taste.
Synaesthesia
Stimulation of one sense stimulates another involuntary second sense. Unique to each person and is constant.
Retinal disparity
Difference between the way each eye sees an object when up close.
Height in the visual field
The closer an object is to the horizon the further away it is.
